Coca Cola Company Case Study

Date: 22/10/2012 The Coca-Cola Company is a multinational business organisation founded in the late 1890’s in Georgia, USA. Its main focus is selling soft drinks and is especially famous for its first soft drink, after which is named, Coca-Cola. The first product was patented in 1887 and registered as a trademark in 1893. By 1895 it was sold in the whole USA and since then has been expanding around the world (The Coca-Cola Company, Product Descriptions). Throughout its history it has been subject to a lot of criticism for its various practices and has enjoyed incredible success.The organisations main strength it’s the fact that it is the most recognised product worldwide. Part of that recognition can be attributed to the fact that The Coca-Cola Company localizes its products and advertising campaigns, which has been highly successful. Coca-Cola has been credited with forming the modern image of Father Christmas as a jolly, old bearded man, dressed in red. (Coca-Cola at home) The main goal of all the campaigns has been that people choose the soft drink as their favoured beverage, a mission that has been greatly accomplished in many areas.Another advantage of the company is that it also has different headquarters in each country, giving it the ability to dictate all campaigns and give ideas on products. (The Times, Creating an effective organisational structure, Page 2:Â  A global and local strategy). Also the company is always trying to expand its range of products, focusing on beverages, but not only soft drinks as it sells juice, water, energy drinks and squashes as well. (The Times, Creating an effective organisational structure, Page 4:Â  The corporate segment -Head Office).Coca-Cola is normally associated with the United States of America, mainly because of its patriotic advertisements that were then exported to other countries. It has a dominant role in modern popular culture, with mass media references and even films containing the company ’s name in the title. Coca-Cola has such an effect on culture, that it is sometimes considered a sign that someone is richer or higher class if they drink more Coca-Cola than others.The company has proven very popular, despite the facts that most of the company’s products are unhealthy. Coca-Cola’s main ingredient is sugar. As a lot of the marketing is aimed at young people, the fact that products are unhealthy has sparked a bit of controversy, seeing as there is a lot of aggressive marketing towards young people. This is usually in the form of sponsorships to high school in the form of sports facilities or funds. In return the company is allowed to sell its products in the schools, thus attracting people from an early age.Also there are accusations of children working for the company in sweat shops and not giving adequate healthcare, whilst not complying to workers right and destroying trade unions through rough ways (The Globalization of Coca-Cola) One of Coca -colas main external features that keep it favoured is that it maintains a very good relationship with its bottlers. In contradiction to common knowledge, it is not the company that actually bottles and distributes its products. Instead they only make the basic syrup and ingredients in concentrate and then sell them to bottlers and from there they end up with distributors..This is a example of how the business adhere to its ‘culture’ as it tries to promote teamwork, by allying itself with other companies. (The Times, Creating an effective organisational structure, Page 5:Â  Structure and culture). This is helpful in many ways as it creates good connections with many businesses, making the Coca-Cola products much more sought after and popular with vendors, shops, supermarkets. There are some external problems though. After endorsing Israel, the company lost its popularity in the Middle East and was heavily boycotted. This gave competitors a chance to swoop in and they a re now dominating those markets.Also, another problem with the company is that its products, however big role they play in popular culture, aren't considered essential. So if a country’s economy is weak, it is inevitable that the beverages market is going to fall quite steeply. Another factor is that there are many cheap substitutes for their products, which, while not international, can prove to be strong competition in local markets, as many of them promote the fact that they are local, while Coca-Cola retains its American image and the majority of them are cheaper. REFERENCES * Coca-Cola at home, http://xroads. virginia. du/~CLASS/coke/coke1. html, retrieved on 21/10/2012 at 19:00 * The Coca-Cola Company, Product Descriptions, http://www. virtualvender. coca-cola. com/ft/index. jsp, retrieved on 21/10/2012 at 18:10 * The Globalization of Coca-Cola, https://segue. atlas. uiuc. edu/index. php? action=site;site=estensl2;section=4052;page=13292, retrieved on 21/10/2012 at 19:0 5 * The Times, Creating an effective organisational structure, Page 2:Â  A global and local strategy, http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/coca-cola-great-britain/creating-an-effective-organisational-structure/a-global-and-local-strategy. tml, retrieved on 21/10/2012 at 19:10 * The Times, Creating an effective organisational structure, Page 4:Â  The corporate segment -Head Office, http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/coca-cola-great-britain/creating-an-effective-organisational-structure/the-corporate-segment-head-office. html, retrieved on 21/10/2012 at 19:13 * The Times, Creating an effective organisational structure, Page 5:Â  Structure and culture, http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/coca-cola-great-britain/creating-an-effective-organisational-structure/structure-and-culture. html, retrieved on 21/10/2012 at 19:15

Heritage, Traditions and Beliefs Essay

All around us, there are different cultures, races, and ways of life that we interact with. Even with all of the differences, we still somehow manage to live in harmony with each other. If we think about it, we all live in one place; Earth. There are different perspectives and stories as to how it came about. These stories about the earth’s origin also reflect the different heritages, traditions, and beliefs that we see around us. The stories from the Native Americans, Africans, Mayan civilization, scientific origins of life and the book of genesis from the bible will be discussed in this essay. The Native Americans, called Navajo believe in the power of the Wind. They believed that life came from the wind. The breath that comes from our mouths gives us life. When the wind stops to blow, our life ends and we die. The Navajo also believes that their ancestors are always with them. The presence of wind trail on their fingertips shows them their ancestors. They believe that every living and non-living things are connected with the power of the wind. The Africans, specifically from the tribe of Yoruba, the people of Nigeria, Togo, and Benin, believe in the supreme being, Olorun and his assistants, Orishas, heavenly entities. David A. Anderson wrote this story. The story started with Oluron with orishas living in the sky in a baobab tree. Oluron being a great being allows the orishas to roam around. Obatala, a curious orisha, left the baobab tree and found a vast empty ocean below the mist. Obatala asked Olorun for permission to go down to the vast ocean and make something solid in the waters below. Olorun allowed Obatala’s request. Before starting his journey, Obatala asked for the help of Orunmila, the orisha seer. She advised Obatala to prepare the following things for his journey; a chain of gold, sand, palm nuts, maize, and a sacred egg, which carries the personalities of all the orishas. So Obatala hooked the chain of gold to the sky and climbed down to the vast empty ocean. He went down for seven days and when he reached the end, he waited for the advice of Orunmila to pour the sand into the water. A vast land was formed from the water. Obatala was still unsure of what to do. The sacred egg, which he hid inside his clothes near his heart hatched as Obatala’s heart pounded stronger. The Sankofa, a bird bearing the spirits of all the orishas, came out. As it flew around the solidified land, it formed dunes, hills, and lowlands. Eventually, Obatala released the chain and walked in the land that he named â€Å"Ife†. As Obatala explored the land, he scattered the seeds that he brought with him and so plants started to grow. Obatala made images of him out of clay and he was pleased. Olorun, being pleased with what Obatala did, made a fireball for the clay to be cooked and Olorun’s breath brought life to the figures. The Mayan civilization’s story of creation is called the Popol Vuh. The story started with Heart-of-sky, also called Maker, Modeler, Kukulkan, and Hurricane, whom they regarded as the almighty. It was only him who existed and he realized he needed someone to talk about his name and praise him. By mere speaking, earth emerged followed by mountains, trees and land. When Heart-of-sky sees that everything is going well, he created the animals to roam the land. He ordered the animals to praise him, but all they did was make animal sounds, thus he ordered that animals shall serve the people, whom he made to praise him. It took Heart-of-sky two attempts to make people, the first was made of mud and was loop-sided and spoke nonsense, and so he decided to let it dissolve away. The second was made from wood. Doll woods were mad, but did not have blood, sweat or minds. They did not respect their creator so flood was casted to the land, it destroyed the homes of the dolls and later on they are called monkeys. Thus, this explains the similar features of monkeys to humans. The scientific origin of life focuses in two main people, namely Pasteur and Darwin. With Pasteur’s experiments, he supported that God created the earth. He believed that life couldn’t arise from inanimate matter. In connection to this, Pasteur believed in the aid of the divine creator. Darwin’s theory, on the other hand, states that the first life on earth came from inanimate matter. Another theory was that the earth was an eternal entity according to Iris Fry, a historian of biology. Earth and life being eternal means that it did not come from anything, but it just existed before everything else. Lastly, the term â€Å"Panspermia†, from the Latin word â€Å"pan† meaning all states that sperms of life wanders the universe and takes root at any planet that meets its living condition. Svante Arrhenius in Sweden promoted this idea. The early idea that life and earth are eternal is outdated. People started to wonder where we came from and thus the idea was lost. Panspermia or Transpermia describes the transfer of life from planet to planet. The story of creation from the book of genesis of the holy bible depicts the seven-day creation of earth by God. Each day was described with the building of different things like, the separation of land and water, animals and humankind creation. On the seventh day, seeing that everything was perfect, God was pleased and so he had a rest that day. It was believed that God made everything on earth; He named all creatures in His power and ordered them to follow Adam. It ended when God was pleased with men and eventually gave the Garden of Eden for them to take care of. In comparison of these beliefs, the Native Americans belief with the origin of life is somehow similar with Darwin’s theory on life. Both stories pointed out that life came from non-living objects. Through the wind, everything came to life and through it people are connected with the environment. Similar with Darwin, he believed that inanimate objects are responsible for our existence. Compared to the points discussed earlier, the stories of the Africans, Mayans and the book of genesis all believe in a supreme being, who made everything. Olorun, Heart-of-sky and God, these are the names of each creator. Even with such different titles, they are the same. Their only differences are on the details on how they made life. Each stories started with the divine existence followed by their prime need to create something or someone to worship them. Their stories ended with the creation of their subordinates, people. In addition scientist Pasteur, who made one of the major contributions scientifically, supports the story of creation from the book of genesis. In conclusion, these five stories about life’s origin are somehow interconnected. Each is presented differently. The elements of the stories reflect their culture. After comparing each story with others, it only shows the importance of our beginning. By knowing the differences and similarities of each, I have come to understand that everyone deserves respect regardless of their origin. The comparison I have made will help me interact better with my future patients because of the culture reflected in each stories. We live in one place, one atmosphere, and one sky and yet each of us has our own belief in life. We came about evolution differently based on the area we live in. To preserve each race, tribe and community, we made stories of it, which reflects our culture and traditions. These stories were made so others may understand and respect our way of living.

Accompanying Report for Oxfam Marketing Plan

I can capture a wider market and reach out to more people, which is important to increase awareness of people about the poverty and injustice levels existing in the society today. The new product would give people an idea about how the organization is attempting to connect every human being on this planet and their cultures too. Oxfam has significantly contributed in a diverse range of social and environmental issues, having people’s wellbeing at their heart. The arrival or benefit is sent back to people without taking even one penny from it (Winston and Weinstein 2016). The whole launching procedure would take place over a time period, after which measurable results would be accomplished. The holes in the organization’s previous marketing activities would be covered with the help of this marketing plan, which would also assist in increasing the company’s competitive edge in the market and reach out to a wider audience and open new doors. An understanding of the product is the first thing that is required to decide upon the course. Objectives would be set accordingly, after which understanding the industry environment would be carried out with the help of the environmental analysis. After understanding the entire situation a proper strategy would be formed for marketing the new product (Finch 2016). Oxfam Shop, subsidiary of Oxfam Australia, is a multi-channel retail organization that has its own e-commerce website, direct mailing program and retail stores (Oxfam Australia 2017). Oxfam shop mainly retails in food and handicrafts that they have sourced from individual workers, crafts agencies and fair-trade organizations. The idea behind doing so is to help these communities as much as possible in their struggle towards ensuring a better life for themselves and their labor force(Oxfam Shop 2017). Oxfam Shop, Australia has planned to launch a new product from one of their producer Wakami. Kiejde losBosques, a social projectwho are known for marketing their produce from the rural communities of Guatemala, developed this Wakami brand.The literal meaning of Wakami is â€Å"it already is† in Mayan. Wakami believes that the world we live in is already an ideal place and it only needs connection with humans to make it alive. Wakami artisans aim to link people with products in a way that the people who buy and produce these products experience an enrichedand improved life respectively.Wakami employs rural Guatemalan women to help them live their common dream and have sources of income for improving their community lives. One of their very current products is the beads bracelets. These poly threaded, silver plated brass beaded bracelets have Zamac (zinc, aluminium, magnesium and copper) metal charms included in them. The bright and bold neon threaded bracelets stand for peace, within oneself and in others. The bracelets are hand made using ancestral Guatemala artisan techniques(Wakami 2017). Oxfam has come into establishment with the belief that poverty is inexcusable and preventable and it must be challenged so that the poor people get access to the right help and lead a better life. Along with that, Oxfam’s mission has been to present customers with the handcrafted artwork they are known for and provide the deprived with a helping hand to move ahead in life. Oxfam aims to exist to appeal to and maintain the customer base. They have made it a point to always adhere to this maxim and they believe the rest would fall into place. They have made it their objective to keep on exceeding the expectations of their customers with continued service(Oxfam Shop 2017).To bring the major objectives in point, the major ones are: For the last five years, the retail industry conditions of Australia suffered and struggled a lot. The major factors that led to the weak economic growth and volatile consumer sentiment are the unstable financial markets, which in turn resulted in a struggle for the retail subdivision operators.From 2012 to 2016, the annual growth rate has been just 0.2%. Study estimates say that the industry is expected to increase the contributionby a compound annual rate of 1.0%, a slow growth if compared to the overall economy (IBISWorld2016). In terms of the current prices in 2016, the clothing and accessories industry of Australia experienced a trend estimate growth of 0.2% in the month of November(Australian Bureau of Statistics 2017).The industry is inclining towards small and medium enterprises, leaving the giants to compete for survival. Oxfam Shop would use this market data to properly understand the requirements of the market and how to serve the customers(Philips 2014). Competitor analysis is a crucial part of the formation of business strategies or new product launching. It plays a crucial role in educating organizations about how intense the competition they would be encountering, what are the competition strategies to help marketers predict possible consequences (Hollensen 2015). In the retail market of Australia Oxfam Shop’s would face competition from Myer Fashion Store and David Jones who are giants in the fashion and accessories department. Along with that,there are specialty stores like Just Group, Country Road, Retail Holdings and Noni B (Lewricket al. 2015). In the lines of e-commerce competitors, Amazon, Hive and eBay give tough competition to Oxfam. Oxfam shop’s target market includes people who are highly interested in using handcrafted things. The organization would be targeting people from all over the world, from all regions and religions.The art collectors and enthusiasts would be the primary targets, as they are the people who have the most interest in such products, and most of the time they have the capacity to spend also. Other than that, there are people who want to do something genuinely to stop all the injustices and reduce poverty in the society (Kusnanto and Utami 2016). Oxfam is for them too. Oxfam shop has always aimed to tackle poverty by taking a hands-on approach in their strategies. Oxfam has repeatedly combined their experience of helping people in situations of emergencies and innovative campaigning so that a bold approach can be put towards reduction of poverty, hunger and inequality (Seret, Verbraken and Baesens 2014). 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An organization with plainly characterized objectives and qualities that can be the purchaser inspiration towards the brand 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Worldwide system of members and supporters giving excellent brand believability 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Enhanced portfolio taking into account key essential needs of customers 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Great online position with sensible costs contrasted with contenders 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Built as a brand from retail shop standpoint 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Influence upon its center values and discuss the same with extended audience Table 1. Strengths and Opportunities of Oxfam Shop As a marketing strategy, segmentation comprises of segregating the organization’s extended target market into industries, nations and client segments that share common interests, priorities and requirements (Baker 2014). Oxfam marketing strategies have always been organized in groups that have separate KPIs and goals. Oxfam has done segmentation in accordance with its supporters. The supporter's sorts incorporate single supplier, shop present aider, customary provider, campaigner, and shop buys. Furthermore, full scale segmentation in Oxfam is the association's bespoke way of life alongside socioeconomics, that is, including color and profundity, one segment one supporter, in view of the supporter and not Oxfam produce and connected to the whole supporter database (Armstrong et al. 2014). Targeting implies making a social affair or things an objective to be followed up on (Cameron 2014). Right when a firm fathoms its objective promote, correspondence gets the opportunity to be unmistakably easier among the firm and the target crowd. Oxfam altruistic association target showcase incorporates the people living in poor conditions and requires help from each religions, locales, range, and so on around the globe. The association's target showcase likewise targets on people living foul play particularly young ladies and ladies.  Ã‚   Positioning alludes to a showcasing procedure that spotlights on making a brand have the unmistakable position about the fighting brands and customers mind (Grant 2016). The properties that get credited by the customers fuse its standing quality, the kind of people using the things, the quality and weakness close by any fundamental or unprecedented characteristics spoke to, the cost and addressed regard (Urde and Koch 2014). Oxfam key positioning depends on what the firm do, offer and what characterizes Oxfam. The firm fundamental goal is to help the needy individuals, and that treated with shameful acts. The firm offers foundations to the needy individuals and helps the individuals who are dealt with bad form to battle for their rights. Since Oxfam alludes to a brand that speaks to philanthropy administrations, it is imperative for the organization to keep up and enhance its esteem. Oxfam offers philanthropy to the destitute individuals and answers for individuals who are treated with unfairness. The firm likewise offers distinctive products that additionally add to the gifts. As an altruistic association, the administrations and products are allowed to the objective market. It is a reasonable methodology for the casualties; notwithstanding, it doesn't manage quality-driven clients and does not rival neither high nor low price base in their products of gift. Subsequently, Oxfam can utilize value pricing methodology that contains setting prices on the products as per the client impression of the product esteem. Oxfam is among the main beneficent association promoters in the philanthropist NGO industry. It promotes its exercises and products utilizing daily papers, TV and magazines. The association has an awesome gathering of people in the social stages, yet there is less marketing effort on their online networking stages. Thusly, Oxfam ought to upgrade its marketing effort in the online networking, and Oxfam ought to post their products pictures on the web-based social networking system, for example, in Facebook as coordinated by Kaufmann (2012). Oxfam conveys its services and products all through the world. The firm finds the destitution and unfairness people and helps them in their area. The members get situated in the groups regularly with neediness issues so they can undoubtedly get to the influenced people. It is fundamental that the organization ought to consider expanding their office in different nations to enhance their entrance to the destitute individuals (Kaufmann 2012). Oxfam is a magnanimous association that spotlights on enhancing the lives of individuals and helps the individuals who are treated with unfairness. This marketing arrangement has basically helped in comprehending Oxfam's present circumstance where the firm appreciates worldwide supporters and offshoots however it confronts volunteers and workers. Marketing arranging helps create products and administrations in the business that address the issues of the objective market. Great marketing helps the clients comprehend why the item or administration is superior to, or not the same as, the opposition. Subsequently, this marketing arrangement target is to amplify global foundations and increment tickets deals. As per the prerequisite of Oxfam Shop which requests an imaginative, functional and fun item for their outlets; in this way,a quirky and bright range of accessories have been suggested which is very popular among the art enthusiasts. A decent marketing plan would help Oxfam achieve t heir intended interest group, support their client base, and eventually, increment their main concern. Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014.  Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2017. 8501.0 - Retail Trade, Australia, Nov 2016. [online] Abs.gov.au. Available at: Baker, M.J., 2014.  Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Cameron, B.T., 2014. Using Responsive Evaluation in Strategic Management.  Strategic Leadership Review,  4(2), pp.22-27. Finch, B., 2016.  How to write a business plan. Kogan Page Publishers. Grant, R.M., 2016.  Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley & Sons. Hollensen, S., 2015.  Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. IBISWorld. 2016. Consumer Goods Retail in Australia Market Research | IBISWorld. [online] Available at: https://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry/consumer-goods-retail.html Kaufmann, H.R. ed., 2012.  Customer-Centric Marketing Strategies: Tools for Building Organizational Performance: Tools for Building Organizational Performance. IGI Global. Kusnanto, N.A. and Utami, C.W., 2016. Innovation Strategy Design for CV. X's Handicraft Business at the Local Market. Lewrick, M., Williams, R., Maktoba, O., Tjandra, N. and Lee, Z.C., 2015. Radical and incremental innovation effectiveness in relation to market orientation in the retail industry: triggers, drivers, and supporters.  Successful Technological Integration for Competitve Advantage in Retail Settings, IGI Global, pp.239-268. Oxfam Australia, 2017. The Power of People Against Poverty. [online] Oxfam Australia. Available at: Philips, C., 2014. A Silver Lining to Australia's Fashion Crisis?. [online] The Business of Fashion. Available at: Seret, A., Verbraken, T. and Baesens, B., 2014. A new knowledge-based constrained clustering approach: Theory and application in direct marketing.  Applied Soft Computing,  24, pp.316-327. Urde, M. and Koch, C., 2014. Market and brand-oriented schools of positioning.  Journal of Product & Brand Management,  23(7), pp.478-490. Wakami, 2017. Wakami. [online] Shop.oxfam.org.au. Available at: Winston, W. and Weinstein, A., 2016.  Defining your market: winning strategies for high-tech, industrial, and service firms. Routledge.

Linda Loman and the Cult of Domesticity In Arthur Millers Death of a Essay

Linda Loman and the Cult of Domesticity In Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman - Essay Example Miller's archetypal portrayal of Linda Loman therefore represents both a general example and a figurehead for her social status: lower middle class suburban white domestics. Alienated from her husband Willy, Linda tries to accommodate his role of the head of household, despite the fact that she must see to the actual running and repair of the home. She accepts a subordinate role and lives vicariously through his dreams: as Miller describes her "she admires him his massive dreams and little cruelties (are) reminders of the turbulent longings within him which she shares but lacks the temperament to utter and follow" (Miller 12). With her dreams confined to the house and her life defined by what her husband can provide, it is no surprise that Linda constantly seeks to support Willy self-image and delusions while attempting to create a level of harmony between him and their two children. Paradoxically, these same restraints of patriarchy and cult of domesticity drive Willy's motivations as well, for he is obliged to both be the provider and secure a sheltered reality for Linda safe from the outside world. Thus, Linda's fate is completely entwined with Willy's. She ultimately symbolizes the model of many domestic ideals yet at the same time provides a warning to women everywhere of the dangers inherent in being sheltered from the rest of society. To fully understand the extent with which Linda's psychology has been entrapped, one must first examine both the tenets of the cult of domesticity (COD) and then the methods with which these qualities were reinforced by society. The COD is framed by four main elements: domesticity, submissiveness, purity, and piety. While this last element in not overtly present in the play (given that the general religion of America is regarded as Protestant Christianity), it is present through the concept of faith, through Willy's faith in the Business World, Linda's faith in her husband, and the faith of both in the established order of the family unit. It is the slow erosion of these faiths' that bring about the psychological crises in the plot. Linda is generally regarded by family members as 'pure' in sexual experience and fidelity, as exhibited by the boys using her for a model of their ideal wives and by Willy's concern in providing for her (her faithfulness constantly provoking guilt over h is own infidelity). Likewise, while other female characters in the play are strong and independent depictions, they are suspicious in that they have broken away from the traditional domestic role. As such, they are morally questionable, with an aura of promiscuity about them illustrated all the more by Willy's affair and by the boys frequent conquests. Linda completely fulfills the qualification of submissiveness, through such examples as removing Willy's shoes for him in the very first scene, to pandering to his ego by calling him "the handsomest man in the world.." (Miller 37). The COD has instilled women with the notion that they need a "protector;" it is therefore Linda's role to not only see to her husband's every comfort while at home, but she must also bolster him mentally and emotionally so that he can go out and face the world. As far as domestic rule, Linda is revealed to be in charge of the actual operation

The challenge of police leadership Research Paper

The challenge of police leadership - Research Paper Example amongst the team, the importance of empowering employees, the importance of making decisions with consensus, and the importance of the implementation of actions in the transparent way is highly important for becoming successful leaders. The police department also needs good leadership skills to control the law and order in the society and community (Tully 1999). The leadership skills required by the police force of any country are faced by many challenges. The biggest challenge is to control the people and make sure that everyone obeys the law. Those that are violating the laws need to be dealt in a stern way by the police (Tully 1999). Challenges with police leadership also lie in controlling the performances of the employees and delegating those tasks according to their potential and ability. The police leaders also need to control their subordinates in an effective manner so that all the subordinates conduct their duties in the manner required. Delegating orders to the subordinates by the leaders of police is a very commanding and autonomous task. It needs to be conducted with careful reviews so that all the goals and objectives are attained successfully by the department of police (Guest 2002). The leaders need to ensure that commitment and dedication is present in the employees of the police department so that when critical tasks are assigned to them, it can be ensured that the task will be carried out well by the employees. The leaders need to listen to the problems of the subordinates and other employees. If employee problems and views are considered there are high chances that successful police leadership can be attained as all employees would be willingly working hard to achieve successful results (Gilmartin and John 1998). There are ethical challenges faced by the police leadership. Bribery is one of the common things observed in the police departments. The leaders of the police department should ensure that they don’t get involved into any

How the UK universities' tuition fees has effect on foreign students Literature review

How the UK universities' tuition fees has effect on foreign students - Literature review Example This research is an exploratory because it seeks to address the problems, which have not received serious attention. The society knows little concerning the effects of charging high tuition fees on the international students, which the research seeks to obtain an explanatory relationship. Its reliance on the qualitative methods shows that it is an exploratory research. The researcher will take a qualitative approach to collect relevant data that will help analyse the questions. It will mainly use official documents such as statistics, and the researcher will treat them with care in order to obtain credible information. Online discussion forums and blogs will be useful in the process because they contain first-hand information, which will enable the researcher to understand the views of the public concerning the UK universities’ tuition fees. The researcher will also use newspaper articles and interviews contained in the newspapers that will help to analyse the research topic. The literature review will also contribute crucial information to analyse the research topic. Sample size influences research findings that can affect conclusion derived from a research. It is important to use a representative sample in order to prevent bias that may arise, thus affecting research quality (Kotrlik & Higgins, 2001, p. 43). The researcher will use a sample size of twelve, which will comprise mainly of online discussion forums, blogs, and newspapers articles. It is important to obtain permission before carrying out research on a given topic. The researcher will also seek permission from the university before embarking on the activity. The research process will observe all the required ethical standards in order to enhance credibility of the study. The researcher will analyse data based on the credibility of the sources. The sources that contain bias will not be used

Two tourism plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two tourism plans - Essay Example It has also clearly come out that the planning processes are synonymous and success is only guaranteed by how effective the process is based on the environment in the study. These strategies target a travelling population and they are a function of the type of tourism, level of tourism and the geography of the place in question. Tourism planning in Turkey is based on a strategy that emphasizes on Planning, Investment and Organization. It is a long term strategy that aims at overall improving tourism in the country for a long period of time. However, the Visit-Scotland strategy is a short term plan that is aimed at maximizing the efforts of the Scottish government for purposes of sustainable economic growth. The Turkey Tourism Strategy also targets domestic tourism thus ensuring that tourism takes place continuously throughout the year. The Scotland Tourism Strategy, however, targets the international community more thus does not outline much about local tourism. The Turks targets leisure tourists who visit the country for purposes for enjoyment and leisure. The Visit-Scotland strategy also targets the business community, thereby appealing more to official travellers and business people seeking platforms for business investment Turkey is hailed for early tourism development. As such, it has an early structural development and beautiful scenery as a major tourism attraction. Scotland is also well known for ancient structural development, Agriculture and Craft. The Turkey Tourism Development Strategy aims more on bringing out their tourist attraction sites even through the use of eye-catching photography. The Visit-Scotland Strategy is more dwelt on protecting the national interests through guarding the environment from pollution and ensuring that visitors connect with the country’s business systems for national development. The regional strategy targets a wider range of tourists and thereby is more

Anti-Trust Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anti-Trust Laws - Essay Example The Federal Trade Commission (FTC), created in 1914 when President Woodrow Wilson signed the Federal Trade Commission Act into law, is a US government agency tasked with protecting consumers by preventing anti-competitive business practices.In terms of public policy, the FTC has a broad regulatory mandate to reign in organizations judged to have engaged in activities that stifle industry competition, thus eliminating products or services from reaching the marketplace that are overpriced, substandard or lacking in the innovation that true competition would engender.FTC chairpersons have wide discretion regarding the cases pursued by the agency. For example, despite a global antitrust campaign mounted by computer chipmaker Advanced Micro Devices against rival Intel, which is supported by at least two FTC commissioners as well as by trade regulators in Korea and the European Commission, current agency head Deborah P. Majoras recently declined to open a formal investigation into the matt er (Labaton 1).In the FTC case against the Wisconsin Chiropractic Association (WCA), it was alleged that the organization and its executive director Russell A. Leonard violated Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, 15 U.S.C.  § 45 by conspiring to advise members of the more than 900-member association on how to increase prices for chiropractic services based on new billing codes and to boycott managed care plans in order to receive higher reimbursement rates (â€Å"Complaint†).

Money,Banking&Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Money,Banking&Finance - Essay Example The present prices of the bonds would help in the determination of the market rate of interest, or the price that would be paid for the use of the money for a period of time. There exists a functional relationship between the rate of interest and the time of the bonds. The term structure of interest rates or the yield curve shows the relationship between the rate of interest and the yields of the bonds with the terms to maturities. The curve is a representation of the various opportunities that may exist for the arbitrage as well as the expectation of the markets about the interest rates that may prevail in future. Interest Rates While carrying out the analysis of the yield curve it is essential to know the components of the nominal interest rates. This equation shows that the real rate of interest represented by r is the main component of the rate of interest. On the other hand, sigma is the risk premium that is being added to the rate of interest which is open to fluctuations due t o various events. On the other hand, ? is the representative of the rate of inflation while l is the component that would capture the liquidity. The various financial markets would offer bonds and other long term instruments that would be offering a variety of interest or the rates of return (Kettell, 2001, pp. 19-26). The premium is the representation of the consumer behaviour that would depict that the consumers would be unwilling to hold that particular asset class. The following diagram shows the break-up of the various components of the rates of interest. The loans that are provided for the long term cost higher because the premium for liquidity would increase with the increase in the tenure of the bonds. The people would always want to hold liquidity at the present period of time rather than a later period. The opportunity cost of keeping the money in the hand would be less in the present period as compared to the future period. Yield Curve The yield curve is drawn from the yi eld to maturity of the bonds. The yield to maturity (YTM) is considered to be the approximate value of the rate of interest for a particular term to maturity of a bond. The various points of the terms to maturity and the corresponding yields to maturity are plotted on a plane and the curve that is fitted along these points is known as the yield curve. The following diagram is an example of a yield curve. In the plane the vertical axis measures the yield of the bonds and the horizontal axis measures the term to maturity of the bond. Figure 1: Yield curve The yield curve thus summarises yield of the different bonds that are being traded on a particular date. The yields or the different tenors in such cases may be different. The yield of a bond is the unique rate at which the cash flows that is provided by a bond is discounted. Thus even though the accrual of the cash flows are taking place at the different points in time the rate at which it is taking place is the same (Rossi, 2007, p p. 225-241). This rate is known as the yield to maturity of the bonds. In most cases the interest rates are considered to be fixed for the entire tenor. This would give rise to a flat yield curve as shown in the diagram below. Throughout the tenure of the bond the rate of interest that has been offered in case of this yield curve is 3.5%. Figure 2: Flat Yield Curve The

Discuss the barriers faced by firms wishing to enter an oligopolistic Essay

Discuss the barriers faced by firms wishing to enter an oligopolistic market structure - Essay Example Therefore, sellers in the oligopoly are constantly aware of competitor actions and respond accordingly in order to outperform the small volume of competition existing in the market structure. Oligopolists regularly take into consideration the strategic responses of competition, attempting to model the most likely retaliation of important market participants in order to maintain competitive edge. Even though competition is intense between the market players, there is also considerable influence in the oligopoly to prevent new competitors from entering the market. The most common barriers for new market entry include pricing, product differentiation and consumer switching costs, as well as intellectual property and patent laws. An explanation of barriers Firms operating in an oligopolistic market structure have often achieved economies of scale, which are the specific cost advantages achieved by a firm due to its size and scope of operations in which the cost of outputs continues to de crease whilst fixed costs are able to spread over a higher volume of unit outputs (Gelles and Mitchell 1996). This is achieved through better operational efficiency and productivity that also improves variable costs along the production model. Over time, as the oligopolist achieves profit maximisation, the business is able to low the cost of capital, especially as it pertains to asset procurement, thereby increasing production output whilst experiencing better cost efficiency. Economies of scale that have been achieved through continuous operation and success in sales in a market create barriers to new entrants, especially as it pertains to pricing. Businesses in the oligopoly are able to create predatory pricing structures in an effort to undercut emerging competition attempting to enter the market. Because the business competitor has achieved economies of scale and reduced the costs of capital, they are often equipped with the operational capacity to increase production without ha ving to incur significant costs in this manufacturing effort. One should consider the beer industry, one that is currently dominated by major players such as Anheuser-Busch and MillerCoors which account for approximately 80 percent of the total market share in the international beer industry (New York Times 2009). If either of these oligopolists is aware that a new competitor is attempting to enter the market, thus providing competitive threat, these manufacturers are able to lower the prices of their selected products and sustain these low prices even though it would, in the short-term, reduce their quarterly profit expectations. New entrants, however, would have to invest considerable capital into the systems required to produce the product, distribute the product and market it. Oftentimes, the new competitor must establish brand recognition (a costly marketing objective) that requires, oftentimes, years of dedicated promotion in marketing simply to get consumers interested in the beverage brand. Major players such as Anheuser-Busch can theoretically cut their prices by 50% on products that are homogenous in relation to the production output of the new competitor. Sustaining these prices in an effort to drive out the new competitor is relatively simplistic when economies of scale have been achieved. Why is this so important in determining barriers to new market entry in the oligopolistic market structure? The law of demand indicates that as a price decreases, consumer demand increases when all other factors remain stable (Boyes and Melvin 2007). Therefore, market characteristics

Survey Sample Size Essay Example for Free

Survey Sample Size Essay This essay will have two parts one will discuss three different surveys and the second will be a survey that was performed by the author. The subjects of the surveys will be Entertainment, Political, and General. We will analyze the surveys that do not have the population that were surveyed. Introduction The entertainment survey will be a survey that was conducted by Universal UK, was conducted in the Britain, and is about the movies they have vivid memories pictures of in their mind. (Macnab, 2013) The Political survey was conducted by Gallup Wellbeing, is about older United States employees. (Ander, 2013) Number 3, the survey is from Gallup Wellbeing also and is about how female veterans rate their life. (Meyers Liu, 2013) Entertainment Survey Universal UK conducted this survey in order to decide which movies would sell the most if put on DVD’s. To describe the number of participants Macnab said, â€Å"The participants were people across Britain†, but no number is mentioned. (Macnab, 2013) Without the number of people surveyed, we cannot calculate if the participants were the correct amount. It was thought that the memory of the movies was considered as, â€Å"escapism†, but through the survey results, it was discovered that it was the reverse. As it showed the participants did not use the movies to escape life’s problems, but they were used to face them. (Macnab, 2013) It was as if the participants gained confidence during the viewing of the movie. Through doing the survey the company discovered the movies to use for DVD’s, and the ones that had an impact on changing people’s lives by giving them self-esteem and confidence . Confidence and raising self-esteem levels of the viewers helped some viewers improve their lives, which is why they remember the movie. . Political Survey The political survey researched Federal employees to compare the younger employees to the older employees and Federal Employees to Non-Federal employees. (Ander, 2013) The evaluation was to compare who thought; they used their strengths while on the job to do what they do best the most. (Ander, 2013) One hundred fifteen thousand (115,000) people participated which when divided in half (because there are both Federal Employees and Non-Federal Employees) gives us 57,500, which would not be an appropriate amount of participants per population. It is because of this class that this author can say the participants were not significant for the population. We have learned that the targeted survey group must be appropriate for the population results. If they researched this to the total population in the United States, the participating group should be at least 100,000 per group. This survey showed the results that the Federal employees who were 18-25 years old were the biggest percentage who said yes at 85.0%. (Ander, 2013) The Non-Federal employees results are participates 65 years and older were the biggest percentage who said, â€Å"Yes† at 86.0%. (Ander, 2013) This was unexpected because it was thought the older employees would have the higher percentage for both. The least satisfied for the Federal employees were the 65 years and older at a 77.4% and the least in the Non-Federal employees category were the 18-29 year old group at 82.1%. (Ander, 2013) This survey proved the Federal Government could help their older employees more and the Non-Federal employers could help their younger workers more. (Ander, 2013) General Survey The general survey is about female veterans of the U.S. military having a much better outlook on their lives then the Male veterans. The survey was composed of 353,561 Americans. (Meyers Liu, 2013) There were 48,690 respondents, which were affiliated with the military of the 353,561 participants. The results showed that female veterans rated their lives as, â€Å"thriving† were 54% while the male veterans at 44%. (Meyers Liu, 2013) The researchers say one of the reasons for the 10% gap is due to the optimistic view of females compared to the males. Based on the total sample of national adults, the researchers comment that they can say with 95% confidence that the margin of error is  ± 1 percentage points. (Meyers Liu, 2013) The sample size for this survey was appropriate for the population. Overview The first survey did not mention any numbers as for the survey size or the population, so there is no way to tell if the survey size is appropriate for the population. The second survey did mention 115,000-survey size, which is divided in half because there are two groups. This gives us a 57,500-survey size per group for the population. Using the population of the United States, we should have a 100,000 per group at the minimum. The third survey of the veteran females’ life satisfaction is the only one that has the correct amount of survey size. This survey size is353,561 of the population of military affiliates, which is a proper size per population. Application: Copy of Survey Application: Results Chart 1 This chart show the ages of the participants, the 35-44 age categories has the most participants, which is 30% of the total 20 people. The lowest percentages of participants are the two categories of 18-24 and 65-74 with a percentage of 10%. The people ages 35-44 are the largest group of people to watch the movie. Application: Results Chart 2 15%,30%,20%,35% This chart shows the number of participants that read the number of books 1, 2, 3 and the series of 4 books. As you can see, the participants that read the series are 7, and are the highest in percent’s also at 35%. This means that most of them read the series. The least of the participants (3) read only the first book at a percentage of 15%. . Application: Results Chart 3 50% of the participants thought the movie was only somewhat close to the book. 30% thought the movie was not Application: Surveys and Business The survey above could tell the movie directors that they should make the rest of the series closer to the books. The participants seem to think they could have made the movie more like the books. There was a lot of story line missing of which some was important to the story to be complete. Some of the participants said they were very disappointed, because for the books to be so good and the movie to be so bad there had to be something somewhere that missed the whole story’s meaning. Conclusion In conclusion, we have studied various surveys showing how some have not had a survey group that was the correct size for the population. In order for the data to be accurate, the researcher must have the proper sized survey group for the population they are researching. Statistics cannot be correct if the data is off.

Mrs Morel, and How She Ruined Lives in Sons and Lovers Essay Example for Free

Mrs Morel, and How She Ruined Lives in Sons and Lovers Essay Gertrude Morel, a mother whose possessive love for her sons hinders their ability to establish fulfilling relationships with other women, and her detest of her husband closes him out of their lives. Gertrude can not bear to see her children live the life that her husband Walter does so she makes sure that they detest him, especially William and Paul. Mrs Morel did ruin three lives in this novel, Walters, Williams, and Pauls. Walter was a simple miner with simple needs and no motivation or want to advance, when he and Gertrude first met he had thick flowing black hair and a full beard and he also laughed a lot suggesting a happy, relaxed figure. He also portrayed himself as bold and a senior in the mines making a good stable wage, owning his own house and everything in it as well. Gertrude finds her self strangely attracted, despite being described as â€Å"opposite† to her new found love. They rush into marriage but the lust that they had soon fades as the lies that were told are uncovered. Gertrude starts to despise the man she married because he lied to her and goes and spends the money he makes on alcohol instead of on his family. When William is born Gertrude smothers him in love and tries her hardest to keep him away from her husband which makes Walter jealous and angry with her that he can not have the same connection with the child that she does. Gertrude does this with all the children that she and Walter have. The eldest boys are so enveloped by their mother that they can not hold a stable relationship when they grow older because their mother wants to keep them for herself, â€Å"..William and Paul Morel are unable to love when they come to manhood, because their dominant mother holds them back, so that a split occurs between body and soul – their sweethearts getting the former; their mother getting the latter; while the boys themselves are shattered; inwardly in the course of the struggle.† (Spilka, 51) William is the first born son and so he in the one that Gertrude idolizes, he is perfect to her and she wants him to be her little boy forever. When he grows older William soon gets a job in London and moves away leaving his mother and family behind. William send his mother a letter telling her about his new job and his new found girl-friend whom he will be engaged to. William and his betrothed come to visit his family at Christmas, they seem less than impressed with her and her lifestyle especially Gertrude because she treats his family as though they are somehow inferior to her. This does not discourage William to stop loving her. William becomes sick of her when they return to see his family on a vacation, his mother has the same feelings toward her, but he refuses to call off the marriage seeing how far they had come. Later in the year William dies of pneumonia with his mother by his side. Paul is a less important to his mother until William dies, then he becomes her favourite. Paul is more frail than his brother was, and he is very artistic rather than athletic. As Paul grows in sight of his mother her love for him grows stronger because of his stature, and he grows in a way that he cares of what other people feel, especially his mother. He develops an Oedipus Complex towards his mother. â€Å"Oedipus complex makes mother a lover of her son. During childhood it seems normal and acceptable but it is abnormal and almost absurd, when he grows up, to keep such feelings. He will surely have no real love for a woman and no marriage in his life and is doomed to have a tragic ending with his love affairs and to suffer spiritually the rest of his life when his mother is gone.† (Wang) When Paul is older he starts a relationship with a woman named Miriam who wants him to love her as she loves him, she wants his soul, for him to love her with every ounce of his being as she does. Gertrude sees this and feels threatened by her because Pauls soul should belong to her, she believes Miriam can have him physical but not spiritually. Gertrude confronts her son about this matter and Paul tells her that he does not love Miriam, that he loves only his mother and no one else. When Paul breaks things of with Miriam and starts a relationship with Clara, Gertrude is content with them together because Clara is only interested in a physical relationship. When the relationship with Clara fades Miriam tries her luck with Paul again, she says that she wants to marry him but Paul is so fixated with his love for his mother that when he feels the slightest feelings for Miriam he feels as though he is betraying her. He declines the proposal from Miriam and goes back to his mother. Gertrude Morel was a strong woman and mother but stubborn with her children in a way that she would want them to only look to her and not to walter, no matter what the situation was. Throughout the novel Gertrude ruins three lives, that of her her husbands, and her two eldest sons. Her husband Walter was not the best man for her but he did try to be a father to his children, but his wife made it almost impossible for him to do so. He is ostracized from the family throughout the novel, his life is ruined because Gertrude made him loose the only family he had before he had a chance of being a part of it. Her eldest son and first born child William, is so fixated on his mothers approval that he learns to hate the woman that he will be married to, that marriage would become like his parents. In that way Williams life is ruined by his own mother. Her third child and second son Paul can not have a stable relationship with women because he loves his mother too much, his life is ruined because once his mother is gone he is left with nothing and still can not hold a relationship together. References Spilka, Mark. Counterfeit Loves Twentieth Century Interpretations of Sons and Lovers. A Collection of Critical Essays Ed.Judith Farr, Prentice-Hall, INC., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: 1970. 51-63. Print. Wang, Yi . â€Å"Should I Use Underlining or Italics?† College of Foreign Languages, Hebei University, China . ,29 March 2001. Web. 21 November 2012. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-HBDS200103029.htm.

ICT Innovation in Accounting Education

ICT Innovation in Accounting Education The study of ICT Innovation in Accounting Education INTRODUCTION We live in the age of information and also needs to it for decision making. There are several fields that provide information such as Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Accounting. In this paper, we investigate ICT Innovation in Accounting Education that helps to prepare and present useful financial information to users. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Accounting Education ICT has created significant benefits for accounting. ICT networks and computer systems have shortened the lead time needed by accountants to prepare and present financial information to management and stakeholders. Not only ICT has shortened the lead time required to present financial information, but it also has improved the overall efficiency, accuracy of the information and training accounting for students.[1] ICT has created better opportunities to training accounting that help students in understand and also have shortened the lead time required to training. There are researchers that indicate profound impact ICT on training accounting such as: Bennett and Bennett (2003) that investigated the impacts of perceived characteristics of ICT on faculty members’ willingness to integrate it in their teaching. They found out that the most important factor which impedes the use of technology in higher education is not the lack of technological facilities or financial funds, but faculty members’ reluctance and their disbelief in the use of technology.[2] Medlin (2001) investigated different variables which are likely to affect teachers’ decisions on making use of electronic technologies throughout the teaching process. He indicated that the personal motivation is an important factor which forces faculty members to improve their teaching methods and contribute to the learning of students by technological means.[3] Ma, Andersson, and Streith (2005) studied the impact of ICT on training accounting and they found out that:[4] The student teachers’ perceived usefulness of computer technology had a direct significant effect on their intention to use it. The student teachers perceived ease of use had only an indirect significant effect on intention to use; however. The student teachers’ subjective norm that is the possible influence of external expectations did not have any direct or indirect significant effect on their intention to use computer technology. Li (2004) studied the relation between ICT and Education at China Agricultural University (CAU), in which he concluded that CAU faculty tended to agree with the existence of the five attributes of WBDE (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trainability, and observability).[5] The researchers show independent variables that have impotent role in ICT such as relative advantage, compatibility, ease of use, result and demonstrability. Relative advantage Relative advantage is degree which an innovation is perceived as being better than the idea it supersedes. It is often expressed in terms of economic profitability, productivity, convenience, satisfaction and so on. Some researches have referred relative advantage of an innovation as its perceived usefulness, that is the degree to which the users subjective probability that using a specific system will enhance his or her productivity.[6] Compatibility Compatibility is degree to which an innovation is perceived as consistent with the existing values, past experiences and needs of potential adopters. Some researchers have stated that an innovation can be compatible or incompatible with cultural values, believably values, previously introduced ideas and client needs for the innovation.[7] Ease of use Ease of User is degree to which an innovation is perceived as relatively easy to understand and use. Researchers have observed that technology users perceive a technology as user-friendly if it is easy to learn, become skillful, flexible and is controllable.[8] The Web as an Innovation in Accounting Education In generally, innovation refers to the creation of better or more effective products, processes, technologies, ideas that affect companies, markets, goverments, indevuals and students. Innovation generally signifies a substantial change compared to entirely new or incremental changes. Innovation can use in varius contexts such as IT and Education.[9] The various researches have been provided that indicate profound impact ICT on student learning and also have showed role of innovation in ICT and Accounting Education. Some of these researches are: Khaled Dwhawy and †¦ (2005) investigated the use of IT in Teaching Accounting in Egypt. They have indicated that their acceptance of the new tools in training such as CD is highly dependent on the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of the tool. They suggested that there is a need for more to be done to enhance understanding of teaching accounting in developing nations in general, especially through the use of information technology.[10] Pugalee and Robinson (1998) suggested that technology applications have been found to improve student’s motivation to learn and to expand their self-confidence. With specific reference to the Web, they suggested that the Internet can provide students with a learning environment that is compatible with the way they prefer to learn.[11] Lebeile.S and Abeysekera (2010) investigated The Spread of ICT Innovation in Accounting Education and they have tested various dimensions ICT Innovation in major university of Sydney with independent variables. Their results proved to be significant in relation to all four independent variables: relative advantage, compatibility, ease of use, result and demonstrability.[12] Objective of study An understanding of accounting concepts for students has depended to method of training. Usage IT in Accounting Education can help to it. Therefore, Objective of this study helps to Accounting Education on the base of ICT Innovation. Hypotheses of study The main hypothesis is that â€Å"The Innovation attributes of relative advantage, compatibility and ease of use will be associated with accounting student’s intention for future use of WEBLEARN for learning purpose.† This hypothesis divided to three Sub-hypotheses that investigate various dimensions ICT Innovation. Those are: Relative advantage (of ICT) is positively correlated with ICT adoption in WEBLEARN. Compatibility (of ICT) is positively correlated with ICT  Adoption in WEBLEARN. Ease of use (of ICT) is positively correlated with ICT  adoption in WEBLEARN. Methodology of the study Data of study gathered from an anonymous questionnaire administered to 30 students in an accounting unit at a major college in pune university, India at 2010. Then, we classify data on the base of relative advantage, compatibility, and ease of and after that we tested it in SAS software by using mean, standard division, T-test, Adjusted R2 and P-value. Analysis of resulting The result of research indicate that ICT Innovation have significant impact on training accounting to students. The use ICT can help students that learn concepts, assumption and standards of accounting to ease way and quickly. The WEBLEARN used by students is to be effectiveness as a learning tool for topic cost of goods soled for students. This paper indicates that students who used WEBLEARN have suitable comprehension about cost of goods soled than traditional tools. The qualitative data indicate mixed feelings regarding the Relative advantage, Compatibility and Ease of use as components of WEBLEARN for cost of goods soled. Many student comments relating to the Relative advantage, Compatibility and Ease of use were effectiveness in learning. The majority of students’ responses were highly positive. Table show that P-value less than a=.05 and also T-test more than 1.96. Hence statistical tests confirm result of study. Descriptive Statistics N=50 Conclusion and Suggestion of the study This study test impact of ICT Innovation on Accounting Education and find out that IT can play important role in training accounting and help students and lecturers until achieve to their objectives. Innovation in IT causes that trainings tools have profound impact on students. Future research could also investigate other applications of technology in educational. References   Bennett, J., Bennett, L, 2003, A review of factors that influence the diffusion of innovation when structuring a faculty training program. Internet and Higher Education. eHow.com/impact of ICT on accounting Lebeile.S and Abeysekera, 2010, The Spread of ICT Innovation in Accounting Education, International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, Volume.22, Number.2. Li, Y, 2004, Faculty Perceptions About Attributes and Barriers Impacting Diffusion of Web-Based Distance Education (WBDE) at the China Agricultural University, doctoral dissertation, Texas AM University, USA. Khaled Dwhawy, E. Tooma and S.Kamel, 2005, The use of IT in Teaching Accounting in Egypt, The American University in Cairo, Communications of the IIMA, Volume.5, Issue.3. Kotler, P, 1991, marketing management: analysis, planning implementation, and control. NJ: Prentice-Hall. Ma, W. W., Andersson, R., Streith, K-O, 2005, examining user acceptance of computer technology: An empirical study of student teachers. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 21. Medlin, B. D, 2001, The Factors that May Influence a Faculty Members Decision to Adopt Electronic Technologies in Instruction, doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Pugalee D.K and Robinson. R, 1998, the study of the impact of teacher training in using internet resource for mathematics and science instruction, Journal of Research on Computing in Education, Issue.31. Rogers, E.M, 2003, the diffusion of innovations (5th Ed), NY: Free Press. Sentamu, F.X, 2001, Information technology, organizational culture and the performance of National Water and Sewerage Corporation, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.mht [1] eHow.com/impact of ICT on accounting   [2] Bennett, J., Bennett, L. (2003). A review of factors that influence the diffusion of innovation when structuring a faculty training program. Internet and Higher Education, 6, 53–63.   [3] Medlin, B. D. (2001). The Factors that May Influence a Faculty Members Decision to Adopt Electronic Technologies in Instruction, doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.   [4] Ma, W. W., Andersson, R., Streith, K-O. (2005). Examining user acceptance of computer technology: An empirical study of student teachers. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 21, 387–395.   [5] Li, Y. (2004). Faculty Perceptions About Attributes and Barriers Impacting Diffusion of Web-Based Distance Education (WBDE) at the China Agricultural University, doctoral dissertation, Texas AM University, USA.   [6] Kotler, P. (1991). Marketing management :analysis, planning implementation, and control. NJ: Prentice-Hall.   [7] Sentamu, F.X. (2001). Information technology, organizational culture and the performance of National Water and Sewerage Corporation. Unpublished master (of Business Adm.) dissertation, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.   [8] Rogers, E.M. (2003). The diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). NY: Free Press.   [9] Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.mht   [10] Khaled Dwhawy, E. Tooma and S.Kamel, 2005, The use of IT in Teaching Accounting in Egypt, The American University in Cairo, Communications of the IIMA, Volume.5, Issue.3.   [11] Pugalee D.K and Robinson.R, 1998, Astudy of the impact of teacher training in using internet resource for mathematics and science instruction, Journal of Research on Computing in Education, Issue.31, Page.78-88.   [12] Lebeile. S and Abeysekera, 2010, The Spread of ICT Innovation in Accounting Education, International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, Volume.22, Number.2, Page. 158-168.

A Bet Against Internet Gambling :: essays

A Bet Against Internet Gambling I love gambling. Who doesn’t? The minute you walk into a casino you are overwhelmed by exciting noises, flashing lights and people having a good time. There is so much excitement it isn’t hard to become addicted, especially after your first big win. The rush you get from winning is something that is hard to parallel. Trust me I know. I almost became addicted. I realized the trouble I was heading for before it was too late. I was a lucky one. Many people aren’t as lucky. It is especially easy for people who live very close to a casino to get addicted because it is so easily accessible. Now imagine if everyone who had a computer had 600+ casino’s right in their own living room. It is like everyone having access to crack cocaine all the time. Not quite as addictive, but you get the idea. That is why I am for Internet gambling prohibition. Some people might say that prohibition isn’t fair, that there are people who can handle the responsibility. Why should everyone suffer because some people can’t handle it? I would tell them that in making a decision like whether or not Internet gambling prohibition should be enforced the benefits should outweigh the risks. In this case they definitely do. Internet gambling is easy to get hooked on. There are advertisements for casinos at almost all of the major search engines and home pages (ex: yahoo, metacrawler, excite etc.) Many of these advertisements claim that they have free gambling or give away free money. For example one casino will give you $125.00 for a $50.00 deposit. Do you think they would really give you that money if they weren’t confident that you would get hooked and spend it all there or if they thought that they wouldn’t get it all back? Once they have lured you to their websites it is easy for them to get your money. It seems a lot easier to spend virtual casino tokens purchased with a credit card than it is to spend your actual hard earned cash at a real casino. Another obvious problem with having online casinos is that children have easy access to them. There is no way to check ID. Anyone with a credit card number can play. Parents of children who gamble online are legally responsible for the de bt that their children accumulate.

Essay --

TUQUITA CHECK OUT THE PROPER TEMPLATE FOR AN APA PAPER. IT IS AVAILABLE ON LINE. THIS IS NOT CORRECT Introduction to Psychology Week 4 Assignment Tuquita Clark 2/11/2014 â€Æ' When a person is in control of their emotions they can deal with difficult tasks better than otherpeople.s, but Eemotions will also tell you a lot about a person’s emotional health. Michael Akers and Grover Porter of PyschCentral (p. 9) noted that the intelligence test was designed to learn how smart a person was by testing their cognitive abilities. The IQ test mostly consisted of memory and problem solving, but soon researchers realized that emotional intelligence was just as important. Emotional intelligence is when a person understands their own emotions and the emotions of others. In order to study emotion you have to understand the five concepts of emotional intelligence. The first concept, self- awareness is the ability to recognizeing emotions as they happen and dealing with them immediately. Emotional awareness and self-confidence are major factors in self-awareness. When you’re co...

John Lennon :: essays research papers

Two summers ago, I was in a bit of trouble. My parents grounded me and kept me indoors for a majority of the break. I had little contact with friends, besides my job and the occasional visits. Though I do not look back at this period of my life happily, I now realize I benefited greatly after surviving through it. My internet access had been taken away, but I still used my computer. I had a stash of mp3's I had downloaded in the past few months, which consisted mainly of Beatles songs. I had downloaded just about every album they ever made, from the pop-influenced "Please, Please Me", to the mellowed out, psychedelic "Magical Mystery Tour". My musical taste shifted pretty much overnight from hip-hop to classic rock. A new era of my life had begun. All four members of the Beatles are influential. However, John Lennon, through his lyrics, views, and musical genius stood out to me. I started simply by just listening to their music, but found myself researching the life and accomplishments of John Lennon. His character influenced me to change my ways of thinking. By the middle of this summer I noticed my personality had changed from depressed and angry to loving and caring. A true love for everyone had developed inside of me. Maturity definitely plays it's part in these changes, but John Lennon's music jumpstarted this transformation. Songs such as "Imagine" and "In My Life" had me feeling and thinking in ways I had never before. My musical taste has since moved on from the Beatles, but I will always have a place in my heart for their music as long as I live.

Ho Chi Minh- North Vietnam Leader

Ho Chi Minh: North Vietnam Leader Published Online: July 25, 2006 Although the most visible symbol of America's chief enemy in the Vietnam War, Ho Chi Minh was still a difficult figure to hate. A frail and benign-looking old man in peasant garb or Mao jacket, the leader of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam seemed perfectly described as ‘Uncle Ho,' an epithet bestowed upon him by friend and enemy alike. Indeed, he often seemed more symbol than substance–a mere face on a poster, an intangible foe unreachable by modern means of warfare, an almost mythical personification of the Communist enemy. But Ho Chi Minh was the very real driving force without which the unified Vietnamese state would never have been achieved. For more than 50 years, most of which he spent away from Southeast Asia, Ho worked single-mindedly to realize the end of French colonialism and the erection of a Vietnamese national state. That determination, rather than genius, was his hallmark as a leader. If the Vietnamese revolution produced a real genius, then it was certainly Vo Nguyen Giap, a military leader who would have stood out in any army. Ho Chi Minh, however, was the essential man whose drive and determination focused the efforts of others and whose leadership excited the admiration and support of Vietnamese on both sides of the 17th parallel. Details of Ho Chi Minh's life are vague, curiously so for such a prominent national leader. Every biography differs in some fundamental detail, offering the reader no certainty about the man. Ho Chi Minh himself is responsible for much of this, for he consciously distanced himself from his own past and his own origins, choosing to identify with the revolutionary ideal rather than the old mandarin traditions. In his personal break with family and tradition, Ho set the example for the new nation he wished to create, a Vietnamese state unencumbered by the weight of a heritage that accepted foreign rule. Because he gave no particular importance to details of his life, Ho Chi Minh's date of birth and true name are in question. Most of what we know about the man can only be considered informed supposition. He was probably born Nguyen Van Thanh, the youngest son of three children of Nguyen Tat Sac, in Kim Lien Village of Nghe An Province in Central Vietnam, on May 19, 1890. He attended the French lycee in Vinh between 1895 and 1905 when (depending upon the source) he was dismissed either for reasons of politics or poor grades. Between 1906 and 1910, he was a student in the noted Lycee Quoc Hoc in Hue, a school distinguished for its nationalist sentiments and one that produced other prominent figures in modern Vietnamese history — among them Ngo Dinh Diem, Vo Nguyen Giap and Pham Van Dong. In 1910, again for reasons uncertain, he left the school without a degree and briefly taught in Phan-Thiet, a little town where, coincidentally, Ngo Dinh Diem also lived as provincial administrator some 20 years later. In 1911, Ho completed courses in a school for bakers in Saigon, and in 1912 took the name of Ba and accepted a job as a messboy on a French liner on the Saigon-Marseilles run. Bernard Fall, one of the earliest and most acute students of the Vietnamese revolution, regards this as the single critical decision of his life. When he turned to the West, Ho Chi Minh rejected the traditional conservative Vietnamese nationalist course of militarism and a mandarin society, and instead chose the course of republicanism, democracy and popular sovereignty. Meeting other Vietnamese nationalists in Paris, Ho found he could not accept their course of peaceful cooperation with the French, and sought another solution. After living in France for a time, Ho is said to have moved to London, where he was a cook's helper under Escoffier at the Carlton Hotel. During World War I, some sources insist, he moved to the United States, where he lived in Harlem. If true, this experience gave him background material for his Pamphlet La Race Noire (1924), a tract bitterly critical of American capitalism and treatment of blacks. Sometime in 1917 or 1918, living now under the name of Nguyen Ai-Quoc (Nguyen the Patriot), he returned to France and earned his living retouching photographs in the XVIIth District of Paris. The great Peace Conference at Versailles in 1919 was the occasion for Ho's formal entry into politics. Excited by the prospect of a peace based on President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points — especially the point concerning national self-determination of peoples — Ho drafted a modest eight-point program for Vietnam and, renting a formal suit, sought an audience with leaders of the great powers. His proposals would not have meant independence for Vietnam, but instead called for greater equity, more basic freedoms, and Vietnamese representation in the colonial government. Unable to gain a hearing at Versailles, Ho then pursued the colonial question in the French Socialist Party, of which he was a member. At the Party Congress at Tours on Christmas Day, 1920, Ho Chi Minh sided with the Communist wing of the party since the Communists advocated immediate independence for all colonial areas. He thus was a founding member of the French Communist Party and became the party's leading expert on colonial matters. In 1920 and '21 he traveled throughout France, speaking to groups of Annamese soldiers and workers who were awaiting their return to Vietnam, doubtless earning some early converts to the nationalist cause, if not to the Communist one. The next half-dozen years were spent as the true Communist internationalist. Ho attended all of the early Comintern conferences, and became acquainted with the great figures of the Russian Communist Party, meeting Lenin probably in 1922. He lived in Moscow for several years; in 1924 as a student at the Eastern Workers' University. In 1925, Ho went to China with Michael Borodin and helped organize the Vietnam Revolutionary Youth League, a training school for Indochinese students in Canton. That year saw the publication of his most important work, Le Proces de la Colonisation Francaise, a naive pamphlet that indicted the French colonial system. Despite its limitations, the tract became the handbook for Vietnamese nationalists and was widely distributed in Indochina. From 1925 to 1927, when Chiang Kai-shek broke with the Communists and Borodin's group fled to Russia, Ho formed more than 200 carefully trained cadres of expatriate Vietnamese, whom he sent back to Indochina. Ho's ruthlessness showed up in the formation of those cadres. If, at the completion of training, any of the men had second thoughts or displayed an unwillingness to obey Communist instructions, Ho simply leaked their names to the French officials in Indochina. The French promptly arrested the defecting cadres and probably paid their informant a reward. Ho was then killing two birds with one stone; he rid himself of undependable nationalists and gained funds for his movement. Over the next few years, his wanderings are not well-documented. It is likely he returned to Europe as an agent of the Third International, some sources claiming that he lived in Berlin for a time. By 1929, he was living in Thailand, working within a large community of Vietnamese emigres. He traveled to Hong Kong in 1930, where he pulled the various Indochinese Communist movements together into one party. Briefly under arrest in Hong Kong, he surfaced in Moscow in 1934 as a student in the Lenin School. By 1938, he had returned to China and was serving as a radio operator with the Chinese Communist Eighth Route Army, eventually becoming political commissar of a guerrilla training mission in Kwang-Si Province. In May of 1941, after 30 years abroad, Ho finally returned to Vietnam. He went to the town of Pac-Bo on the northern border, where the Central Committee of the Indochinese Communist Party was to hold its eighth meeting. At this meeting, the party created the Viet Minh, a front organization intended to draw the support of Vietnamese who opposed the French, but were not yet Communists. Upon his return to China in early 1942, he was imprisoned by a Chinese warlord, but released in 1943 to gather information about the Japanese units in Indochina. It was then that he took the name Ho Chi Minh (He Who Enlightens), returned to the northern part of Vietnam, and devoted himself to running the Viet Minh. Operating from the jungles of North Vietnam, Ho received aid from China and from the United States, fought the Japanese, and extended his influence throughout the area, building a firm infrastructure to support the Viet Minh. By May 1945, he had managed to liberate six provinces from the Japanese and moved to assume control of the government. The puppet emperor Bao Dai abdicated on August 19 and, with both the Japanese occupation government and the French colonial government in complete disarray, Ho's National Liberation Committee proclaimed a provisional government with Ho Chi Minh as president. On September 2, Ho declared that the Vietnam Democratic Republic was an independent state and sought recognition from the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and China. The French, however, were determined to reestablish their colonial hegemony in Indochina. Talks with the French failed to produce a negotiated settlement, and French armed forces seized Haiphong and Langson in November 1946, initiating a war. Ho moved his government into the mountains of North Vietnam and began almost nine years of warfare, culminating in the French defeat at Dien Bien Phu in 1954. The state of war actually simplified Ho's political problems. Vietnamese did not have to be Communist to join the fight against the French, and the ranks of the Viet Minh swelled with patriotic volunteers. Also, the real political opposition was easily squelched by declaring them to be traitors to Vietnam. By 1954, Ho was the undisputed leader of the country. The Geneva Accords of 1954 provided for a national election in 1956 to determine the fate of Vietnam, an election Ho confidently expected to win, especially since the bulk of Vietnam's population was in the North under his control. When the government of South Vietnam, which was not party to that portion of the agreement, refused to play into his hands, Ho created the National Liberation Front for South Vietnam and began the second phase of his war for a unified Vietnam. First, however, Ho ruthlessly consolidated his power in the North. Evidencing the fact that behind his carefully constructed facade of the kindly and gentle ‘Uncle Ho' he was in reality (in Susan Sontag's particularly descriptive words) a ‘fascist with a human face,' Ho massacred his countrymen by the thousands in a Soviet-style ‘land reform' campaign. In November 1956, when peasants in his home province protested, some 6,000 were murdered in cold blood. With such actions, Ho proved he was a worthy contemporary of Lenin, Stalin and Mao Tse-tung, who had also built their empires with the blood of their countrymen. By the time of his death on September 3, 1969, Ho Chi Minh was generally spoken of in the same breath as Lenin and Mao Tse-tung. He had certainly led his native Communist Party through almost 40 years of success, creating a state where none had existed before and devising a Communist government to run it. He was a national leader with strong internationalist credentials, having served the Communist Party throughout Europe and Asia for more than 20 years before his return to Vietnam. He led a Communist Party unique in that it had never had a major purge or a major theoretical dispute. As a young Communist functionary, he avoided Stalin's great purges of the 1920s and 30s. As a mature Communist leader, he steered a middle course between the Russians and Chinese in their great schism, offending neither and retaining the support of both. In sum, Ho Chi Minh was that great contradiction: a dedicated Communist who was also a fervent nationalist. Throughout his life he never lost sight of his goal of an independent Vietnamese state, and even as a Communist leader he pursued an essentially Vietnamese course, even when pure Communist theory might have dictated other choices. Yet there is no doubt that he was fully committed to the Communist ideal, that he accepted it completely in 1920, and that he never had second thoughts. Ho Chi Minh's Communist ideology was flexible enough to serve his purposes. In any case, he was never the doctrinaire, and always much more a political activist whose strong will was directed at the goal of the independence and unification of Vietnam. [pic] This article was written by Charles E. Kirkpatrick and originally published in the February 1990 issue of Vietnam Magazine. For more great articles be sure to subscribe to Vietnam Magazine today!

Marxism in “Goblin Market” by Christina Rossetti Essay

How is Marxism presented as a metaphor in Christina Rossetti’s poem ‘Goblin Market’? In Goblin Market, Rossetti presents Marxism as a metaphor through a number of different characters and through the language used. It could be argued that in the poem there is this idea that consumerism is bad, and that we are never satisfied with what we have which is essentially the theory behind Marxist views. An example of this in the poem is that once Laura has had a taste of the fruit she immediately wants more. This is shown in Laura â€Å"in an absent dream†¦longing for the night†. Laura is just wasting away waiting for the night to come so she can hear the goblins cry yet again. The use of the word ‘longing’ could be used as a metaphor for the desire and addiction involved in consumer consumption in the economy as a whole. Another way by which Rossetti presents Marxism through metaphor is through the goblins. The goblins could represent business men and therefore be a metaphor for the greed and gluttony in capitalistic society, who tricks people into buying their products. For example when it says â€Å"brother to sly brother† it is as if the goblins have spotted a vulnerable customer who they know they can persuade to buy their produce. Rossetti’s use of the word ‘sly’ infers that the goblins are devious and deceitful in their transaction of the goods, which suggests the greed associated with capitalism through a Marxist opinion. It could therefore be argued that, even though money is the central medium for business, in ‘Goblin Market’ the real value is in the greed and the experience. The golden lock of hair given to the goblins could represent this method of trade however. The â€Å"Goblin men† Are a metaphor for capitalism, and the exploitation of women by these capitalists. The Goblin men want her to buy their fruit, which could be seen as a metaphor for consumerism. On the other hand, it could also be suggested that this metaphor is for the capitalist system as a whole. To get this fruit Laura has to sell her body, and purity, represented by the hair that she sells to the goblin men. Look at this passage in particular. With the help of Marxist criticism we can make the argument that Rossetti was influenced by her contemporary society. As mentioned earlier, every society must – according to Marxism – pass through three stages in order to develop. The third stage of society’s development, the bourgeois society, is a society where all means of production is controlled by one class in society and can therefore be interpreted as the Victorian society and its relationship with the British colonies during this time. The goblins in this poem could therefore be said to represent the controlling force in the economy. The study of the fruits that the goblin men sell through a Marxist perspective is a very important part of the analysis of ‘Goblin Market’. When considering the items offered to the two girls, certain properties of the fruits are particularly interesting. The fruits are described by the author as tempting, sweet-tasting and luscious-looking. They are also exotic and not the kind of fruits which are grown in the typical British climate and nature which presents them as very idealistic. These idyllic fruits could therefore be argued to be a metaphor for the appeal of the capitalist regime and the presentation of propaganda through consumer products – which draws a parallel to the way in which the fruits are presented as â€Å"sweeter than honey† and â€Å"clearer than water† which both have connotations of natural purity and fairness. By using these exotic fruits as the bait with which to trap the innocent girls, the reader gets the feeling that the goblin men have travelled around the world in order to collect and sell the fruit. The selling and consuming of this fruit can therefore be interpreted as the conquering and exploitation of the British colonies all over the world. The structure of ‘Goblin Market’ could be seen to represent Marxism through the use of enjambment and the visual appearance of the poem, due to it being an evenly laid out piece of writing. This is because Marxism was the basis for communism which tends towards fairness and even structure in society which is reflected in the structure of the poem. For example, the lengths of the stanzas are all similar. On the other hand, another interpretation of the structure could be that it lends itself to a reading of â€Å"Goblin Market† as a Christian allegory of temptation, fall, and redemption, and some  critics have contended that this is the main purpose of the tale. In conclusion, the Marxist viewpoint in Christina Rossetti’s poem ‘Goblin Market’ is presented through metaphor. These metaphors take various shapes in the characters and the structure of the poem, as well as the use of language to insinuate the corruption involved in a capitalist societal structure.

My Journey Essay

I want to take this time to share my story about my transition back in the civilian world. In 1990, I was honorable discharge from United States Army this was during peace time in which I had to leave the military due to family hardship. At this time I received changes of duty station to return back to Korea which was my second tour of duty. I just had my fourth child and she was only 10 months old. My only option was to leave fourth children with my mother. I felt that was just to much for my mother at that time. While out the military I have a difficulty time adjusting back to civilian life. During this time I was married to a soldier, so I was still connected to the military life. But transition back to civilian living was hard for me. I did attended a class on resume writing and I obtained a job as a Certified Nursing Assistant at the local Nursing homes were I did my training at. My emotions was somewhat abnormal in which I felt like I was abandon and depression was their also. Even though I was working in civilian job I crave the advantage that I experience with my military job. My transition took about seven months for me fully accept the civilian sector way of life. Since I like the medical field I enrolled at Central Texas College and received a diploma as a Licensed Vocational Nurse. But I still missed being in the military. But the military provide me with a solid foundation for employment, because I the military helped to adapt to any situations.

Relationship Between Management and Leadership

Strategic management refers to the coordination of material, human, financial and technological resources of an organisation to enable it and all its stakeholders to achieve their stipulated goals in an effectively and efficiently. Leadership is the process of organising, supporting and directing the individuals in an organisation with the aim of influencing them to work in pursuit of the goals and missions of an organisation. The two terms are inseparable and are therefore used interchangeably in strategic management. Strategic management and leadership are closely linked hence making it difficult to differentiate between the two. Strategic management involves proper planning, organisation of activities, controlling of the organisations activities so that the missions and goals can be met effectively and motivation of the employees and other stakeholders for the success of the organisation (Adeniyi 36). All these activities are impossible without a proper leadership in the organisation. The leaders are delegated with the duty of setting the goals of an organisation and making decisions on the best way of achieving them. They also organise the resources and staff group activities in the best way possible for proper performance. The leaders correct and monitor the activities going on in the organisation to ease the process of goal attainment. It is the duty of leaders to motivate the employees so that they can perform their duties with the interest of the organisation at heart. They make decision on the best leadership style to be implemented in the performance of the various activities so as to meet the expected results. Under strategic management the employees work just to comply with the goals directed by those in the authority. Although the employees achieve their expected goals, it is evidenced that majority of them comply externally and fail to internalise the goals into their own value system (Adeniyi 20). Leadership comes in at this point to ensure that the employees internalise the goals through enhancement of private acceptance which is achieved by increasing the willingness of the followers. The management can enhance this by electing leaders who are in close contact with the employees thus can easily influence them as they work. It is also possible to increase willingness by electing employee’s representatives who will attend the meetings on behalf of the other staff thus involving every individual in the process of decision making. Management and leadership have a variety of impacts on the strategic decisions made by the organisation. Proper management enables an organisation to become more efficient since it enhances the adoption of various forms of management skills that facilitate coordination, communication and participation of all the members at all levels of performance (Adeniyi 32). In majority of organisations the CEOs have adopted the management styles that magnanimously equip the employees with a wide range of information thus ensuring that all the stakeholders contribute effectively in the growth of the organisation. The leadership style plays a major role in the organisational behaviour and activities. Authoritarian leadership style is only effective when applied on a new employee since they are learning and have to follow certain directives. It is also beneficial when the managers have to make an emergency decision and has no time for consultations. Managers utilising participative leadership style are good strategic decision makers since it involves all the stakeholders in the process of decision making though the final decision is maintained by the authority. This leadership style helps in improving the performance since every individual makes the efforts to be informed, knowledgeable and skilful to compete effectively with the others as well as give viable suggestions which are of benefit to the entire organisation. Laissez faire leadership style has a positive impact in those organisations that emphasise on creativity, invention and innovation. This is because the leader gives directives of what ought to be done and the employees take the initiative of analysing the situation and make a decision on what ought to be done and the way to do it. This type of leadership is important in identification of potential future leaders since some tasks require the workers to work together to achieve the set targets. A leader among the workers can be identified by fellow workmates to ensure that the entire task is completed effectively. According to Lussier& Achua (79) proper management and utilisation of the right leadership styles have a great contribution in self motivation and embracing change. Self motivation is essential in the growth of an organisation since it enables the workers with dependency personality to be inspired so that they can effectively work with the independent minded workers for the benefit of the organisation. Self motivated workers embrace creativity, invention and innovation since they focus on meeting their goals other than putting emphasis on reward and recognition. The level of technology is changing drastically and all the organisations have to respond positively to these changes for good performance. This is achieved through proper management and leadership strategies which offer training to employees thus equipping them with the necessary information required in achievement of their goals. Although autocratic leadership is not the best in management, there are certain situations in which it can be utilised effectively. It can be used when training new employees so that they can know the procedures to follow, when the organisation is under pressure to produce large volumes, when the time for decision making is limited, when an employee attempts to challenge the authority unnecessarily and also in poorly managed departments (Lussier& Achua 111). The managers have to utilise their power without consulting and even use punishments in these situations for effective running of the business. Bureaucratic leadership style can also be used when everything in the organisation must be carried out in accordance with a certain policy or procedure such as in the police force. It is effective if the organisation performs tasks by following a certain routine over and over again, if they have to meet certain standards, if the employees are using delicate and dangerous equipments which have a strict procedure of operation and also in tasks that involve handling cash. Banks, police force, security firms and micro finance institutions are a good example of those firms that have to employ bureaucratic style for proper performance Democratic leadership is essential if the employees have to be at par with the issues affecting their work and if they are delegated with the responsibilities of problem solving and decision making. It should be applied if it is essential for the employees to be informed on the matters affecting the business, if the leader wants to share the problem solving duty with employees, if the problem at hand requires lots of input for a solution to be obtained, when one wants to encourage team building and when the managers intend to change their ways of operation. This style can be applied in a manufacturing firm that intends to improve on quality of the product. Another common style is the laissez faire leadership. It is adopted in those companies that have creative, inventive and innovative individuals who enjoy working with full freedom and are delegated with the duty of making decisions, determine goals and solve the problems by themselves. It is effective in organisations with highly educated, experienced and skilled employees, if the employees are committed to their work and have self motivation which enables them to successively run their errands. It can be employed by managers with trustworthy employees or when working with experts and specialists hired from outside to (Lussier& Achua 78). Proper strategic management goes hand in hand with the leadership style applied by an individual. For an organisation to successfully meet its goals, the managers have to employ the right leadership styles so as to enhance the employee’s self motivation. The various leadership styles should be applied in the right situations to avoid conflicts, immature resignations, absenteeism and other irresponsible behaviours by the employees.