Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Sexual Crimes Committed Against Wsv Victims - 764 Words

The public display of sexual crimes committed against WSV victims has yet another aspect to compound the consequences of their rape and captivity. The associated media articles, almost always very detailed in nature, arouse issues in regards to the cultural notions of honor. In honor-based societies, such as the Yezidi community and many communities in Nigeria, women and girls carry a heavy burden of upholding the honor of the family, clan and tribe. One way in which honor is lost is through sexual relations outside the context of a family-approved marriage, whether consensual or through rape. The injury of rape among women and girls in an honor based society, is often compounded by violence related to her loss of honor and therefore family status. Honor killings in the Yezidi community have occurred in the past (Hague et al, 2013) and the fear is that not only will girls and women who return from ISIS captivity have the psychological and physical problems associated with sexual assault, but will be shunned or even killed because they are in violation of their community’s cultural standards. Nigerian women and girls are also at risk for so called honor killings and face many of the shame consequences of public shaming and being ostracized from their family and communities following rape (Caprioli et al, 2009). As there are a number of varied issues converging to produce the situation which is to be researched, the review of literature was wide. Literature was reviewed

Monday, December 23, 2019

The Conflict Of Religious Exchange Between Europeans And...

Over the past several decades scholars have struggled with the conflict of religious exchange between Europeans and enslaved African Americans. Jon Sensbach tells a remarkable story of Rebecca Protten a Caribbean descent. Born a slave in 1718, Protten had a childhood conversion experience, gained her freedom from bondage, and joined a group of German proselytizers from the Moravian Church. She embarked on a mission spreading black Christianity in the eighteenth century, and preaching to hundreds of the enslaved Africans of St. Thomas, a Danish sugar colony in the West Indies. Protten trying to insert faith into a slave society was challenging but her unique gifts and unending effort was a revolution in the African American Christian Community In Addition to Protten gaining her freedom and becoming an evangelist, in 1736, Protten met German missionary Friedrich Martin, who later became her mentor. Martin was a part of the Moravian church and had arrived to St. Thomas to preach the gospel. Protten occasionally visited Martin and his missionaries when they rented a house in St. Thomas. â€Å"She is modest, honest, and chaste before God, and has served her master and mistress with loyalty with sincerity.†(47) Martin’s quote implies that he believe Protten is an ideal spokesperson for Christ and a priestly woman of God. Protten immediately received the role helping Negro women. However trying to insert faith in African Americans was not easy. According to Sensbach, â€Å"ConvincingShow MoreRelatedObjectives Of European Colonization1189 Words   |  5 PagesWhat were the objectives in European colonization? The start of the European colonization of the Americas is typically dated to 1492. Some of their objectives included early conquests, claims, and colonies, early state-sponsored colonists, economic immigrants, religious immigration. Most American school children learn to recite this little phrase: In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue. Columbus, in fact, was just one of many explorers sponsored by European monarchs in the 1400s who were allRead MoreColonial American Slavery Essay examples1458 Words   |  6 Pagesof American History. There are hundreds of thousands of documents, debates, and historical studies available today. According to Ms. Goetz, the assistant professor of history at Rice University, who states, in The Southern Journal of History, that in addition to geographic and chronological diversity in the America’s, assessment of experiences of colonial slaves is extremely complex, â€Å"especially in the context of three European colonial powers, vigorous Indian groups, and free and enslaved blacks†(GoetzRead MoreNative Americans And The New World1308 Words   |  6 PagesBeginning in the Sixteenth Century, Europeans sought to escape religious and class persecution by engaging on a journey to the New World. However, they were unaware that this â€Å"New World† was already inhabited by many groups of Native Americans, who had been established on the continent for thousands of years. At first, the two ethnic groups lived in relative peace. The colonists of Jamestown survived due to Powhatan’s tribe teaching them how to cultivate the land. However, things took a twisted turnRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Society1311 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization, has taken place for centuries, is the shrinking of geographic that accelerate the flows of money, goods, people and culture around the planet. Migration came when people move between countries either temporarily or permanently, to seek education and employment or to escape adverse political, environments. Culture and globalization have infinite impact on each other. Humans have never been closer together than we are today. 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What was the role of Hernando Cortes in establishing Spanish settlements in the new world? - Cortes actions played a vital role in helping establish Spanish settlement in the new world. He and his fleet of about 600 men traveled into Mexico in hopes of finding gold as well as glory. During hisRead MoreHappenings in Colonial America1021 Words   |  5 Pageswith economic and religious conflicts starting from the Age of Exploration up to the colonial times. The corruption of the Anglican Church created a rift between the Protestants of England, Puritans and the extreme Separatists. The Protestant Reformation and Henry VIII’s divorce with the Catholic Church gave rise to even more chaos. As a result, religious sects such as the Quakers and the Puritans were granted charters to escape the restrictions in England. Competition between Great Britain, SpainRead MoreChapter 3 : The British Atlantic World1657 Words   |  7 PagesPennsylvania to resolve conflicts and negotiate on agreements. These meetings were called the Covenant Chain. At Lancaster, British colonists forced the Iroquois to agree to land agreements, and they also forced the Iroquois to assist them in a war against the French, to which the Iroquois, like Onondaga orator Canassatego, were forced to say yes. Similar to the French and Spanish colonies, the British allied with Native Americans to gain power in North America. Meanwhile, many Native American groups groupedRead MoreEssay on Slavery and War2748 Words   |  11 PagesMidterm 1. What fundamental factors drew the Europeans to the exploration, conquest, and colonization of the New World? There were many fundamental factors that drew the Europeans to the exploration, conquest, and colonization of the World such as natural resources, overpopulation and religion. The European explorations have been hearing a lot about all the natural resources that the New World can offer to them. They wanted to travel and find the Far East for the gold, silk, spices, and possibleRead MoreThe Human Web: Class Notes3179 Words   |  13 PagesThis process is known as â€Å"globalization† ïÆ'Ëœ As globalization continued, the process of specialization of labor became global The World’s Webs as of 1450 ïÆ'Ëœ The web was created by migration, trade, missionary work, technology transfer, biological exchange, and military conquest o Encompassed Russia up to Siberia, Korea Japan, England, Northern Eastern Africa (but not far from the coast). ïÆ'Ëœ There were two main trunk lines for trade: o The Silk Road: from N. China to the Mediterranean and Black

Sunday, December 15, 2019

What Factors affect Britains climate Free Essays

Weather is different in every country even city. Climate is the general weather conditions usually found in a particular place. Through climate we can judge the type of fruit or vegetables that grow in a certain area. We will write a custom essay sample on What Factors affect Britains climate? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Mediterranean climate is good for growing citrus fruits and grapes. Where as the American climate is good for growing bananas and Indian and Pakistani climate is perfect for mangoes. Britain is an island country and is surrounded by sea which gives it a varied climate. We never actually know what the weather will be like, one day it might be sunny the next there might be rain. As we have such a variable climate its hard to predict in general we have warm summers and cool winters our summers our cooler than other countries because we are surrounded by sea but our winters are milder. The main influence on Britain’s climate which are important are latitude , altitude ,distance from the sea, ocean currents and the prevailing winds. Latitude: Latitude is the position north or south of the equator measured from 0à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ to 90à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. If you are on the equator then your latitude would be zero. If you are near the north pole your latitude would be nearly ninety degrees north and if you are more to the south pole your latitude would be almost 90 degrees south. The further away from the equator you are the colder it is. Therefore when we compare the UK with a country such as Egypt, Egypt is always hotter because its more nearer to the equator than UK. As you can see on the diagram Egypt is more nearer to the equator than Britain and is therefore more warmer.(the diagram is not accurate jus a rough estimation of where the two countries may be) as one gets above tropic of cancer or Capricorn, the climate becomes milder, with warm summers and cold winters. This is known as temperate climate and this is what the UK climate is referred as. At points furthest away from the equator, the climate is colder and is called polar. Altitude: Altitude is the height above sea level, the higher we go the colder it gets altitude may be measured in units such as metres or miles but is usually measured in feet. When I say the higher you go the colder it gets a mere example is on top of mountain peeks, the peeks are way high up and it is much much much colder there and therefore the air there freezes into ice or snow. In Britain there are a few mountains but we are surrounded more by the sea and therefore the mountains don’t have a lot of effect in Britain. Other countries such as Nepal that have a lot of mountain ranges are very cold and I personally think its because of the mountains. The temperature falls by about 1 degrees for ever 100 metres above sea level. Distance form the sea: The sea is cooler than land during summer and warmer in winter because it conducts heat slower than land and cools down slower than land in winter. Land heats up faster than sea because its denser and has a bit of metal in it which is a very good conductor heat. The centre of continents are subject to a large range of temperatures. In the summer, temperatures can be very hot and dry as moisture from the sea evaporates before it reaches the centre of the continent. Distance from the sea has a great effect on Britain as you can see on the map that Britain is surrounded by water an therefore makes our summer cooler and our winters are much milder. Prevailing wind direction: prevailing wind direction means the direction wind comes from. Winds that blow from the sea often bring rain to the coast and dry weather to inland areas. Winds that blow to Britain from warm inland areas such as Africa (a warm hot area) will be warm and dry. Winds that blow to Britain from inland areas such as the Netherlands (cold region) will be cold and dry in winter. Britain’s prevailing winds come from a south westerly direction over the Atlantic. The winds are cool in the summer and mild in the winter. Because Britain’s wind comes from the south west this means it brings fairly warm air because it comes from near the equator. It also brings water vapour from the ocean(as it comes over the Atlantic ocean)- and that means more rain! Ocean currents: The North Atlantic Current (North Atlantic Drift and the North Atlantic Sea Movement) is a powerful warm ocean current that continues the Gulf Stream northeast. Ocean currents can have a great effect on tempratures either reduce it or increase it. The main ocean current that affects UK is the gulf stream. The gulf stream is a warm ocean current in the north atlantic flowing from the gulf of mexico. The gulf of mexico has a higher temprature than uk because its more closer to the equator where as uk is more futher away near the north pole. This means that the air coming from the Gulf of Mexico to Britain is also warm. However, the air is also quite moist as it travels over the Atlantic ocean. This is one reason why Britain often has wet weather. Some local factors affecting climate: There are some local factors which don’t have a major affect but do in a way affect all climate such as the two following;One place may be warm and dry because it is sheletered by hills whereas another place may unmasked to wind and rain. Also electronic things, cars leting of gas and central heating also give out heat. So therefore the city is made to be more warmer than the countryside. Air mass Some part of the world is hot some is cold. The result is that the air moves around- like the air in a cold building when you turn on the heater or even the cooker in the kitchen. The air moves around the world in huge blocks known as air masses. An air mass can be thousands of km across. It can be warm or cold or any temperature but depending on where it came from. If for example an air mass comes from the north pole and moves over to the UK there will be cold and dry weather if an air mass coming from the equator (a warm dry place) there will be warm weather. Often two different air masses will meet and clash over the UK which causes sudden changes in weather. Many different air masses cross Britain. That’s why our weather changes so fast but if an air mass stays very slow or stays in one place the weather stays the same for days. The weather does not change from day to day at the tropics and poles because they have the same type of air mass all year round. Conclusion: In conclusion, although many factors affect Britain some are more imporant than others. Like the direction in which the suns ray hit the earth (equator). How far away a place is from the equator (latitude) the height above sea level (altitude), the distance from the sea, the direction the winds come from and the ocean currents. But all of these are based on one major factor which I didn’t mention the SUN. How the sun affects us is affected by the rotation of the earth, latitude and cloud cover. Cloud cover is affected by the wind, another important factor, and the wind is affected by what it has passed over and altitude. Mountains redirect wind or force it up to form clouds if the wind has passed over a warm sea it will warm and wet, and if it has passed over a cold land mass it will be cold and dry. The sea have a huge impact on the land masses. Minor factors such as how built up a place is can have a big impact but in small areas, and lastly the ocean currents also is realted to which sea it came from then where about the sea is(maybe near the equator). So the sun to me is main factor which affects all climste including Britain’s but Britains climate is more or less linked with the factor; the distance from the sea which is as I mentioned before is realated to the sun in all ways. Where we live in britain (england) the temprature in winter is not much less than 0à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C and in summer not much higher than 32à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C in the summer. Also the weather her is damp and there may be lots of sudden changes. Rain is fairly well distributed throughout the year, with February to march being the driest period and October to January the wettest. The Lake District is England’s wettest region, receiving and average of 130 inches (330 centimetres) of precipitation( different forms of water falling from the sky) each year. How to cite What Factors affect Britains climate?, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Native Americans Indian Relations Shape the Areas of New England and New France free essay sample

The colonists’ policy toward the Native Americans had different origins and therefore different consequences. Much has been written about the encounter of these two cultures, which would sooner or later bring about a painful clash. Because of their so different cultures, only one would prevail. The colonists as a group, depending on their beliefs, had harsh policy toward Native Americans. Native Americans, on the other hand, structured their lives on beliefs, which had no common base ground with the colonists. As a clear example of this, Native Americans believed that no one owned the land, that the rich earth was abundant for all. As the colonies populated, harsher policies toward Native Americans arose, and the conflicts between the colonists and the Native Americans isolated. Pennsylvania was the most the ideal colony. William Penn’s philosophy of pacifism made his colony a heaven of respect and tolerance for all. With the development of Pennsylvania, New England as a whole would come about. We will write a custom essay sample on Native Americans Indian Relations Shape the Areas of New England and New France or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some of William Penn’s theories may not have been carried out to a full extent, but it did set structure and social implications; this represented a harsh contrast with the policy of other colonies toward Native Americans, and an even sharper contrast of non-English settlers toward Native Americans in areas such as New France. All this would establish a part of what would be the American identity. When the English king, Charles II gave William Penn, a Quaker, a grant of land, William Penn set out to establish the colony as a heaven that embraced his religious beliefs. Quakers believed that the Holy Spirit inspired all human beings, and thus, God did not make distinctions of race, gender, ethnicity or social class. Therefore, all human beings were equal. William Penn founded Pennsylvania on a social and political system of equality. Even before arriving in Pennsylvania, Penn wrote to the Delaware chiefs, to establish peaceful relations. He recognized the Indians as the rightful owners of the land. He kept all he promised to the Native Americans, such as street control of Indian trade, to always purchase the land from the local chiefs, and upheld his philosophy of pacifism and friendly relations. New England now played a vital role with the Native Americans. New France contained approximately seven million native inhabitants in 1500, from which it decreased; due to the disease introduced by Europeans. Very few Native Americans were employed, most as slaves. They were captured by contesting tribes during battles and later sold to French colonists. New France had a weak supervision over religion, so its population had no enthusiasm over it. The Church was always sending Jesuits on missions, some of the missions were very important, in order to convert Native Americans. Trading was another way in which they adopted the religion, and it also involved learning their language. Colonists also feared the Native Americans, especially when it had to do with Native Americans’ military power. French and Native Americans relationship was calm, because they based it on dialogues and negotiations. A contrast arose when New England’s policy toward Native Americans is analyzed. Religion was the most important factor when establishing these policies, Religions guides people in all regards, especially in how to relate with other groups. In the case of the Puritans and Pilgrims in Massachusetts and Virginia, there could be no frame left to live in equality terms with Native Americans. Contrasting sharply with Penn’s religious beliefs the Puritans believed that only a few were to be saved. Therefore, under these beliefs they established their policy toward Native Americans. In Virginia, the landowners first tried to enslave Native Americans, and have them work their fields as slaves; when they could not do this they militarized their colony, against what they assured would be potential attacks. The colonists used force to obtain land from the Native American tribes. To the Puritans, Native Americans were heathens, savages. As New Englands’policy toward Native Americans is harshly applied, a stage is set, where disagreements, violence, and even bloody vengeance will erupt. Trade is severely affected; relations between the colonists and the Native Americans shattered Native Americans on how their world was vanishing forever. This clash of cultures and defeat of the Native Americans culture would eventually lead to the domination of all Native American tribes by European settlers. Native Americans did not have many problems with French; they knew how to deal with their problem by dialogues and negotiations. This was not the only brave solution that influenced, because of the fact that there were not many French also helped. French also had its way of putting order over Native Americans, because they expressed their power by imposing slavery over Native Americans. In New England, poor Native Americans had to deal with the same issues only that here they were treated more violent. Native Americans were seen as savages and they took advantage of them by taking their lands by force. Tired of dealing with the same issues everywhere they rebel themselves, in to which the situation turned bloody and many lost their lives. Native Americans were eventually dominated. Everywhere they lived, slavery was waiting for them; they had to deal with the same problems everywhere. In some cases they had good relations but still had their disadvantages, but in others their life was rough. European interactions with the desperate Native Americans shaped areas such as New England and New France. These early turning points in history shaped our world today.