Odysseus By Homer Essays (813 words) - Greek Mythology, Mythology

Odysseus By Homer Odysseus by Homer The Odyssey, composed by Homer, recounts to the tale of Odysseus andhow he confronted incident in his endeavors to get back after the Trojan war. Odysseus isn't acclaimed for his incredible quality or courage, however for his capacity to hoodwink and deceive. From his incidents he figured out how to be a superior man and got ready to recapture his place in his country of Ithaca. During his excursions Odysseus frequently tragically brags to his adversaries however discovers that doing this allows his foes to look for retribution against him. Subsequent to leaving Troy, Odysseus assaults the place where there is the Cicones. Rather than leaving after his triumph he satys to celebrate until a power is accumulated against him. He should then escape after a considerable lot of his men are executed. A short time later Odysseus and his team land on the island of the Cyclops. they are assaulted and someof the men are eaten by Polyphemus. In the wake of getting the mammoth Cyclops alcoholic, Odysseus and his medn daze the beast with a lance in his one eye. The could have made a getaway without setback however Odysseus taunted Polyphemus and yelled his genuine name, when before Odysseus had disclosed to Polyphemus that his name was Noman. With this new data Polyphemus petitions his dad, Peoeidon, to have Odysseus and his men rebuffed. since he agnered Peoceidon, Odyss eus must meander all through the ocean while his men gradually bite the dust individually. Odysseus discovers that gloating can have sick impacts and uses this information on the island of Phaecians and Ithaca when he doesn't straightforwardly boast about his deeds and his excursions. Odysseus likewise figures out how to give close consideration to the guidelines of the divine beings, or he may need to confront a horrible cost. At the point when Odysseus and his team arrived at the island of Aeolus, they were given a splitting blessing that would have helped on the off chance that they had focused on the alerts of Aeolus. He gave Odysseus a sack brimming with the awful breezes tha would keep them from their home of Ithaca. Odysseus and his team were in sight of the country they had stood by so long to see, when a hand of revolutionary crew members opened the sack, since they thought it contained fortunes, making an extraordinary hurricane that blew them back to Aeolus. At the point when Aeolus saw this he accepted that Odysseus was reviled and expelled him from the island. this isn't the main time Odyseus was double-crossed by his men and endured an extraordinary cost. At the point when they arrived on the island of Hyperion, terrible breezes kept them from leavin g. Food before long turned out to be low, and when Odysseus was sleeping, the group murdered the dairy animals of Hyperion against the divine beings admonitions. Hyperion was infuriated to see this and had the entirety of Odysseus' men murdered in an extraordinary tempest. Odysseus discovers that the divine beings must be regarded all together for any man to succeed. On the island of the Cicones, and with his experience with Polyphemus, Odysseus discovers that boasting can bring incredible adversity. On Ithaca Odysseus never boasts to the admirers and can go into his home with the Antinous and different admirers knowing his genuine personality. He takes the discipline of Antinous and different admirers without saying a word and can see the individuals who have attacked his home. Odysseus can see who is steadfast and who isn't and deliver his retribution with the admirers never knowing who he was until the last second. Odysseus likewise figures out how to regard the divine beings. at the point when he arrived on Aesea, the island of CIrce, he adheres to the guidelines given to him by Hermes so he can defeat Circe and free his men. Odysseus adheres to the guidelines that Circe had given him intently, entering and leaving hades without adversity and utilizing wax in the ears of his cre to pass the Sirens. Odysseus improves as a man all through his e xcursions and is lager to come back to his country to recover his realm. In the wake of going through years with the goddes Calypso Odysseus is offered a decision of either living on the island with Calypso and turning out to be undying like the divine beings, or he could retun to his better half and nation and be

Charles Dickens Oliver Twist Essay -- Charles Dickens Oliver Twist Es

Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist The tale Oliver Twist is an analysis of the pitilessness that kids and needy individuals endured on account of nineteenth century society. It was Dickens first novel composed under his own name when he was 24 years old and in it he as of now uncovers his sharp, yet comic remarks and analysis. From the beginning Dickens makes it understood to the peruser that needy individuals what's more, the offspring of needy individuals; most particularly a child conceived misguidedly; were of no result during the 1900s. The main individual storyteller feels he need not â€Å"trouble† himself â€Å"as it very well may be of no conceivable consequence† to reveal to us the spot or date of Oliver’s birth. This idea is additionally uncovered when he alludes to Oliver as a â€Å"item of mortality† and afterward on in the part â€Å"it†. The youngster merits no name as he is definitely not an authentic citizen so he has no spot or significance: he begins life at the base of the Victorian evolved way of life. By having the storyteller address Oliver as a â€Å"it† rather than a â€Å"him† Oliver is dehumanized thus Dickens attracts this to our consideration. Naturally introduced to â€Å"this world or distress and trouble† our storyteller appears to accept that Oliver’s possibility of endurance are incredibly thin, so we are astonished when Dickens has him state; â€Å"it was the best thing for Oliver Turn that would by probability have occurred† (being conceived in a workhouse), he additionally reveals to us the infant â€Å"lay panting on a little rush sleeping pad rather inconsistent ready between this world and the next†. All the chances are against Oliver yet this disregard spares him life! With diverting mockery Dickens proposes that if Oliver had been â€Å"surrounded via cautious grandmas, on edge aunties, experienced medical caretakers and specialists of significant knowledge, he would most inevit... ...ses Oliver’s â€Å"solitary incarceration† he says foes of the framework guarantee that â€Å"Oliver was denied the advantage of activity, the delight of society or the upsides of strict consolation† Dickens at that point shields this announcement by snidely saying â€Å"as for practice it was pleasant chilly climate, and he was permitted to play out his ablutions each morning under the siphon, in a stone yard, within the sight of Mr Bumble, who forestalled his getting a bug furthermore, creates a shivering uproar to plague his edge, by rehashed utilizations of the cane† Dickens snidely addresses practice as being beaten, a physical discipline for Oliver. Oliver is likewise manhandled intellectually, at night when the young men went to ask, Oliver was â€Å"kicked into a similar loft each evening† and there he listend to different young men â€Å"ask god to monitor them from the transgressions and indecencies of Oliver Twist†.

Born Blue by Han Nolan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Brought into the world Blue by Han Nolan - Essay Example They approach human services, instructive chances and fair food and lodgings. The poor are not all that fortunate. On the off chance that you are naturally introduced to destitution you are probably going to need to battle for your entitlement to have a rooftop over your head and food to eat. Medicinal services is a joke and a large number of the schools in the poor regions have become urban ghettos where drive by shootings, muggings and dread guideline the play area. Is this a hopeless forecast for the eventual fate of America? Are things simply going to deteriorate? Not really. The issue is that the activities that are set up by the legislature to help the poor as far as reasonable lodging, access to social insurance and a better than average instruction are focused on the majority; when in reality it is on an individual level that things need to change. The infant naturally introduced to the ghettos should be empowered that they can better themselves. They should be urged to dream and think ambitiously. Since in spite of the fact that the chances to succeed are much more covered up than they used to be, they are still there. The entire time I lived with Patsy and Pete and Harmon and the children that come a go, I adored Harmon and the women most, and practically regular I lived there, which kept going right around three years, marry go to the cellar and tune in to the women sing. Be that as it may, Harmon didnt move and I didnt sing. We was too terrified to even think about getting the tie. Marry lay on the harsh floor covering and dream we was singin and dancin, and I had me a heap of bread on a plate close by for when I got so ravenous I figured I would kick the bucket. (Janie, matured 6, p. 6, Kindle version) Dreaming †it is the one thing in life that is free. When Janie was pretty much nothing and living in the encourage home she got together with her lone companion, Harmon, who had old tape tapes of a portion of the bygone era vocalists †Aretha Franklin and ladies like that. Janie and Harmon used to tune in to the tapes to assist them with getting away from their existence †little food, cruel guardians, disregard and medicated up guardians. The issue is that

Argue a global issue presented in or surrounding your short story. How Research Paper

Contend a worldwide issue introduced in or encompassing your short story. How generalizing or making a decision about individuals influences our general public. (base - Research Paper Example We discover the ladies of the town loving the man, seeing his exquisite face and body. The physical characteristics of the man makes ladies joined to him. Townspeople make an interpretation of his physical characteristics into his character (Rabassa, 2010). Ladies of the town feel compassion toward him and figures how great it would have been if the man was alive. Locals feel for the man who is dead. The town individuals mastermind terrific burial service game plans for the man simply because he is attractive. The cutting edge world has a similar outlook as the individuals of this town; generalizing is the center idea that manages the world. Preference and generalizing debases connections. Multicultural social orders are under the scourge of preference and segregation. Considering the United States for instance we can find that bias is the most pivotal element of the general public. It is only bias that has caused segregation, abuse and strains among different racial and ethnic class es in the United States (Forbes, 2010). Bias outcomes in racial profiling, estrangement, lodging isolation, risky ethnic jokes and different issues (GLIMUN, 2009). Partiality crushes a wide range of associations. No relationship would live within the sight of partiality. The very word bigotry is characterized as a bias that causes the individuals from one race to feel themselves inherently unrivaled than the individuals from another race (GLIMUN, 2009). Bias reflects isolation, and it has totally obstructed the advancement of the country. The term ‘prejudice’ now emblematically speaks to the life of the contrarily advantaged minorities in the United States. This odd racial partiality has come about into a confined, badly created and racially isolated society that has supported racial question, silly clashes and different separations that keeps the general public from acquiring genuine racial fairness (United Nations, 2010). Partiality obstructs participation and common regard and annihilates connections. Partiality disintegrates the great connection between individuals of various race, ethnicity and nationality. Racial partiality and isolation has brought about fundamental imbalances that remain as a hindrance to the turn of events (of the entire society) and individual improvement of people. Partiality has contributed for the extending of the financial hole between prevalent gathering (whites) and the minorities (blacks). Racial preference has driven the country to different condemnations like racial profiling. Racial profiling is a demonstration from the side of police (or a private security practice) through which an individual is religion pointlessly associated on the grounds that with the sub-par nature of his/her race, nationality, ethnicity or religion (Cole and Smith, 2010). Cops frequently stop, check, and inspect the vehicles of their casualties (forcibly additionally) with no explanation or verification about the mischief or guiltiness of the individual (Cole and Smith, 2010) (Cleary, 2000). Racial profiling emerges because of an inappropriate partiality that the racially second rate individuals are probably going to perpetrate violations (however it isn't so). African-Americans and Latinos are the survivors of racial profiling much of the time. Police has a general conviction that non-white individuals are for the most part sedate clients and merchants. Yet, contemplates (reports in regards to police stops and checking) have uncovered that individuals who are viewed as racially substandard

Avoidance Behaviors and Agoraphobia

Avoidance Behaviors and Agoraphobia More in Panic Disorder Related Conditions Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Coping Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by recurring and unanticipated panic attacks. These attacks involve many physical symptoms, including shaking, sweating, shortness of breath, chest pain, and nausea. Panic attacks may also occur with cognitive symptoms, such as derealization and depersonalization, in which the sufferer feels disconnected from themselves and their surroundings. Panic attack symptoms can be difficult to manage. While having a panic attack, it is not unusual for a person to perceive his experience as frightening. The person may fear that he is going to lose control of himself or his mind. Some panic sufferers develop avoidance behaviors as a way to deal with their fears about panic attacks. What Is Agoraphobia? About one-third of those with panic disorder will develop this separate anxiety disorder. Agoraphobia involves a severe fear of being in certain situations and having panic attacks or other similar panic-like symptoms, such as fainting, feeling dizzy or lightheaded, vomiting, or experiencing a migraine headache. In particular, people with agoraphobia are afraid of having a panic attack in circumstances from which it would be extremely difficult and/or humiliating to escape. A person with agoraphobia may also be fearful of having a panic attack in a place where he feels no one would be able to help him. Fears associated with agoraphobia often lead to persistent avoidance behaviors. What Are Avoidance Behaviors? Common feared and avoided situations for people with agoraphobia include crowds, large open spaces, elevators, bridges, and traveling. Avoidance behaviors often occur in groups of related fears. For example, an agoraphobic who fears having a panic attack while driving may also begin avoiding other means of transportation, such as being a passenger on a bus, train, or plane. Avoidance behaviors tend to grow over time and can impair the agoraphobic’s quality of life. The person’s work, home, and other responsibilities may suffer. For example, an agoraphobic may not be able to travel to important appointments, attend special occasions, or perform common day-to-day activities. Avoidance behaviors can intensify to the point that the person becomes homebound with agoraphobia. It may be difficult to comprehend how a person can develop avoidance behaviors. To get a better understanding of avoidance behaviors, imagine that you have the panic disorder: you are in a crowded movie theater when you experience an unexpected panic attack. You begin to tremble, your chest hurts, your heart races, and you feel as though you are choking. You don’t want to make a scene, but you start fearing for your life. You wonder if you are having a medical emergency. You begin to feel as though you are watching yourself from a distance. You feel trapped in the movie theater, and despite your embarrassment, you run out of the theater. After you left and your symptoms have subsided, you feel ashamed about how you reacted. The next time a friend invites you to go see a movie, you decline, finding it too difficult to go again. You begin fearing having a panic attack in other similar situations  and start avoiding other crowded areas, such as shopping malls or concerts. Your avoidance behaviors begin to put restrictions on your life. Overcoming Avoidance Behaviors Once a person develops avoidance behaviors, it can become extremely challenging to face feared situations. Avoidance behaviors may feel comforting, giving the person temporary relief from anxiety. But these behaviors only reinforce their fear and anxiety in the long run. Agoraphobia and avoidance behaviors can worsen if left untreated. Fortunately, there are treatment options that can help in managing agoraphobia and overcoming avoidance behaviors. A typical treatment will involve a combination of medication and therapy. A treatment process, known as systematic desensitization, is often utilized to help the person gradually face his avoided and feared situations. A person with agoraphobia often finds it comforting to confront his fears when accompanied by a trusted friend or family member. Through treatment and the support of loved ones, a person with agoraphobia can expect to manage his fears, experience fewer panic attacks and avoidance behaviors, and resume a more independent life.

Decision making and Directors Duties - Free Essay Example

Chapter 2 2.0 Decision making organs A company has 2 primary organs, the members in general meeting and the directorate. A company is not considered to be sovereign but has a limited competence only. Within these limits, the Supreme rule is making authority rests with a general meeting of the members1 and the constitution may entrench certain rights still further by embodying them in the memorandum and providing that they shall be unalterable 2. 2.1The board of director Although once incorporated, a company is a separate legal entity, but it can only make decisions and change its business through the persons authorised for that purpose, usually the directors, who in turn are accountable to the members.The articles of association usually entrust the directors to manage the company collectively by providing them the power to exercise the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s powers to achieve their task. It should be noted that directors do not have the power to act individually on behalf of the company3. In practice, the appointment of a board of directors will be found in the constitution of the company which will expressly delegate all powers of management to them4, and they in turn are generally empowered to sub à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" delegate to a committee or managing director. Thus, the act which gives birth to the company operates as an appointment and delegation by the company. [1] Resolutions and voting [2] CA 2001, sec 42 [3] Re Haycraft Gold Reduction and Mining Co [1990] 2Ch230) = tolleyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rights n duties of directors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 4th edition- Martha Bruce FCIS, a member of the lexisnexis group.,pg 13. [4] Gowerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s principles of modern company law,pg 140 2.3 Division of powers between the general meeting and the board By the end of the nineteenth century it was generally assumed that the principle remained intact that the general meeting was the company whereas the directors were merely the agents of the company subject to the control of the company in general meeting. Thus in Isle of Wight Ry. V. Tahourdin 5the court refused an application by the directors of a statutory company for an injunction to restrain the holding of a general meeting, one purpose of which was to appoint a committee to reorganise the management of the company. Cotton L.J. said: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“It is a very strong thing indeed to prevent shareholders from holding a meeting of the company, when such a meeting is the only way in which they can interfere, if the majority of them think that the course taken by the directors, in a matter intra vires of the directors, is not for the benefit of the company.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The modern idea is that both the general meeting and the board are organs rather than agents of the company. This is how the courts have sometimes described them when considering the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s liability for their acts and the distinction has, since the enactment if the European Communities Act 1972 become of greater importance. 2.4 Performance of the board Shareholders have the power to remove some or all of the directors of their company from office or not to re appoint them. Such decision is frequently judged according to the performance of the company, by whatever means it is measured. However, in the US approximately one third of large companies go further than this and have introduced formal board eva luation, often assessed externally, to measure the boardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance6. In the contents of the Mauritian code of corporate governance, section 2.10 states the board and director appraisal which further highlights that those directors should be assessed both individually as well as collectively as a board. [5] 1883 25 Ch.D. 320, C.A, Gowerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s principles of modern company law,pg 143 [6] tolleyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rights n duties of directors,pg 20 2.5 The directors as primary organs of the company Both the directors and the members in general meeting are primary organs of the company between whom the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s powers are divided. The general meeting retains the ultimate control, but only through its powers to amend the articles and to remove the directors .Powers are conferred upon directors collectively as a board which is authorised expressly in the constitution. Prima facie therefore they can be exercised only at boar d meeting. Otherwise, in the absence of an express authorisation in the articles, the board will have no power to delegate such powers7. The board can delegate some of the tasks but must not delegate the exercise of its discretion and the maxim delegatus non potest delegare is regarded as applying8. 2.6 Duties of directors The duties fall into two categories, fiduciary duties (i.e. duties of good faith and honesty) and duties of skill and care. There are also statutory duties as well. Their general purpose is the protection of present and future shareholders and (to a lesser extent) creditors though they are generally expressed as being owed to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. 2.6.1 Role of directors A director is in a similar position to that of a trustee. He is an agent of the company in which he holds office as an employee. Like a trustee or an agent he owes fiduciary duties to his principal, and in a directorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case, these duties are to his company 9. [7] Cartmellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case [1874] L.R. 9 CH.App.691], Gowerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s principles of modern company law pg 152 [8] by contrast the usa directors are generally regarded as possessing original and undelegated powers, which are capable of delegation : Goel [ 1969], 18 I.C.L.Q. 152 [9] UK company law, Nicholas Grier 2.6.2 To whom duties are owed? 2.6.2.1To the company as a whole As lord Greene MR said in the case of Re Smith Fawcett ltd [1942] Ch 304(CA), directors are bound to exercise the powers conferred upon them à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"bona fide in what they consider-not what a court may consider-is in the interests of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢this duty of honesty and good faith in the exercise of his powers is in fact the primary duty of a director. It should be directors, and not some other person or body to whom they have purported to delegate their powers, who determine how the powers vested in the directors are best used to serve the interests of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. 2.6.2.2 To Members as a body but not to individual shareholders It should be noted that as a director of a company is bound by fiduciary duties at general law, these duties are owed to the company only. Thus they are not owed to other companies or bodies corporate with whom the company is associated. This proposition stems from Percival v Wright10 in which a group of shareholders in a company approached the directors with a request that the directors purchase their shares; some of the directors did so without disclosing that a purchase of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s undertaking was imminent, this being a piece of information which was known to them and to other members of the board, though not to any of the shareholders who were not directors. It was held that the directors must act bona fide for the interests of the company but they are not in a fiduciary duty in relation to individual shareholders. -However in Peskin v Anderson [2001],it was held that a director may owe a fiduciary duty to individual shareholders where a director with special knowledge is buying shares for his own benefit [10] [1902]2 Ch 421 2.6.2.3 to Employees This provision was inserted in the CA 1985 s 309 to satisfy criticism that a company should be seen to give some attention to those who labor to produce the dividends that the members receive. 2.6.2.4 to creditors As creditor, he should be aware of the risk when he is dealing with the company. The directors of the company do not normally have a duty of care to any creditor of that company while the company is solvent. In Multinational Gas and Petrochemical Co ltd v Multinational Gas and Petrochemical Services ltd and others [1983] 1 Ch 258(a case which involved the alleged mismanagement of a solvent company) Dillon LJ said: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A company owes no duty of care to future creditors. The directors indeed stand in a fiduciary relationsh ip to the company. As they are appointed to manage the affairs of the company and they owe fiduciary duties to the company though not to its creditors , present or future, or to individual shareholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  2.6.2.5 to the board Directors individually owe a duty towards the board. 2.6.3 The interests of the company as a whole Modern management often takes the view that the interests to be taken into account by directors in running a company should include the interests of not only the present and future shareholders, but also the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s employees, its customers and its creditors11 and, in the case of large public companies at least, the state and the general public. [11] Wiknworth v Edward baron development co ltd [1987] 1 all ER 114 2.6.4 Fiduciary Duties Every director has a fiduciary duty to act bona fide (in good faith) for the benefit of the company as a whole. Otherwise, they will be acting in someone elseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s in terests, quite often themselves. In Alexander v Automatic Telephone Co [1990] 2 Ch 56, each member of the company subscribed 6d per share. The 5 directors then held a board meeting at which it was decided that all members, with the exception of the 3 directors who had the largest shareholdings, should have to pay a further 2s 6d per share. The 3 non à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" paying directors justified their non- payment on the grounds that the articles permitted them as directors to issue shares on such terms as were expedient, and to treat some shareholders differently from others. It was held that they failed to carry out their duty to act in good faith in the best interest of the company as a whole; the directors had obtained a benefit for themselves at the expense of the other shareholders. It is to be noted that directors can subjectively believe that they are acting in good faith while carrying out an action for an improper purpose. Proper Purpose Rule Avoid conflict of interes t It is to benefit the company or to help it fulfill the purpose for which the company was set up. The transaction must be intra vires, including what is mentioned in the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s memorandum of association. The transaction must be reasonably incidental to the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business. Conflict of interest rule: When the directors stand to gain personally from a transaction in which the company is involved. It is not the job of a director to improve his own personal position12. The directors must not compete with the company, nor should they keep any profits, nor contract with the company except when the Articles allow it or when it has been approved by a general meeting. [12] In Cook v Deeks [1916]Ac 554 2.6.5 Duty of skill and care The directors are expected to manage the company with due skill and care; failure to fulfill this common law duty may result in the company or other aggrieved plaintiff raising an action for negligence ag ainst the directors13, proving all 3 of the following: That the director owed the plaintiff a duty to carry out his duties with skill and care That the duty was not exercised That the plaintiff suffered loss In City Equitable Fire Insurance Co 1925 it was held that Directors need not exhibit in the performance of their duties a greater degree of skill and care than may reasonably be expected from a person of their knowledge and experience. They are not bound to give continuous attention to the affairs of the company and may delegate their powers. 2.6.6 Statutory Duties 14 There are two main types of such duties, the first are imposed on the directors whereas the second are imposed on the company in connection with the directors. The 2006 Act sets out seven statutory duties being, duty: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To act within powers (s. 171) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To promote the success of the company (s.172) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To exercise independent judgment (s.173) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To use reasonable care, skill and diligence (s. 174) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To avoid conflicts of interest (s. 175) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Not to accept benefits from third parties (s. 176) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To d eclare an interest in a proposed transaction or arrangement with the company (s.177). The second type of duties will usually include, duty to convene meetings, sign statutory declarations, deliver accounts and other tasks. [13][14] UK company law, Nicholas Grier pg402, pg409 Some of the other statutory duties will include the Prohibition on tax free payments to directors [15], the compensation for loss of office [16] and Directors are required to disclose interests in company contracts [17]. Moreover, Directors service contracts must be kept open for inspection [18]. The company should refrain from giving a director a contract for more than 5 years without approval from the members [19]. Substantial property transactions [20] and Loans from Directors to the company [21] also need approval from members whereby directors may not contract at all with their companies without the authority under the Articles and approval by an ordinary resolution. 2.6.7 Breach of duty If t he directors by approving some transaction of the company have breached their fiduciary duty towards the company, it is sometimes permissible for the company to ratify the action that was the subject of the breach. In general, ratification will resolve any breach of the directorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ fiduciary duty unless: The transaction is inherently fraudulent, The transaction is not permitted under the company law generally because there are other procedures which must instead be followed22, The transaction has prejudiced a minority of the members, in which case the minority might seek redress under the CA 1985 (s 459), The transaction by the directors has prejudiced creditors because the company is insolvent. The directors of an insolvent company are treated as the custodians of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s assets for the creditors 23. In the case of fraudulent trading, the Court may order the person to contribute to the assets of the company. Application is generally made by the liquidator. On the other hand, Wrongful trading occurs when the director ought to have known that there was no reasonable prospect that the company would avoid going into insolvent liquidation. In this circumstance, the liquidator is only required to prove negligence by the directors. [15] CA 1985 s 311 [16] ss215 to 222 CA 2006 [17] s.182 CA 2006 [18] ss227 to 230 CA 2006 [19] ss188 and 189 CA 2006 [20] CA 2006 s.190 [21] CA 2006, s. 197 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 225 [22] Aveling Barford Ltd v Perion Ltd and others[1986] BCLC 626 [23] West Mercia Safetywear ltd v Dodd [1988] BCLC 2.6.8 Relief from Liability In general, subject to certain exceptions, only the company may bring an action against a director to recover its losses. Where proceedings for negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust are brou ght against a director, the court may relieve him from liability if it considers both that he has acted honestly and reasonably24 .A director may also apply to the court for relief where he has reason to expect that a claim may be made against him. Although a company cannot exempt a director from any liability for negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust in relation to the company, it may indemnify the director against defense costs, or costs incurred in an application for relief, provided that the director repays the costs if he is unsuccessful. 2.6.9 Conclusion In order to stay in line with their duties directors must keep a close watch on the companys performance and take appropriate advice and action when necessary. General meeting should be conducted so that shareholders also can have their say in the company matters. [24] CA 1985 s 727

Characterisation and separation of powers - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1346 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Character Essay Did you like this example? Introduction The constitutional validity of the Regulating Organic Food Security Act 2014 (Cth) (Impugned Act, hereafter referred to as IA) is an issue that will be discussed in this essay in addition to whether the National Organic Food Security Commission is valid as well. Both of these will be discussed with regards to the issues of characterisation and separation of powers. Head of power/Trade and Commerce Firstly the scope of power in this case is non-purposive and the physical movement of organic food across state borders satisfies the term trade[1], a term which is enumerated in s51 (i)[2] of the Australian Constitution, under trade and commerce. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Characterisation and separation of powers" essay for you Create order However the issue arises of whether the IA applies to interstate only. It is implied that s 51 (i) does not give rise to a legislative powers in regards to trade and commerce operating intrastate. For the IA to be enforceable upon Healthy Meals Now and Get-it-there-Quick it must purport to regulate intrastate trade and commerce.Despite this even though there is no explicit power to support intrastate trade regulations[3], intrastate trade may be allowed and be regulated if it is intimately connected to interstate trade and commerce[4] as well as if it is fundamentally economically linked with interstate trade and commerce[5] in which case reasonably is. In determining the constitutional validity of the IA, the Commonwealth Constitution head of power must be interpreted. In relation to this, there are two approaches that can be utilised when observing the IA and the first is to view the IA in regards of the narrow à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"golden ruleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ approach or secondly on a broad interpretation approach. Both of these have similar fundamentals in terms defining words on their plain definition so that it does not create an illogical outcome. Hence to determine constitutional validity it is in essence to interpret the restrictions of the head of power. In this case the effect of the IA should be measured using a broad interpretation of the trade and commerce power. This approach interprets the legislation whilst maintaining that public policy principles that arise from a piece of legislation remain logical. The important point is that there must be attention to the duties that may arise or be eliminated as a result of the IA in addition to the character of powers and any rights in which the IA may create, change or exclude.[6] To establish the constitutional validity of the National Organic Food Security Commission (NOFSC) it must be characterised to its real character as well as its true nature[7]. The direct operation of the IA within s51 ( i) of the Commonwealth Constitution must be considered so that it can be determined whether or not the NOFSC is a legitimate use of power.[8] The courts also have a duty to determine the proper operation of the IA in eliminating, changing or regulating any privileges, duties, rights and powers[9] in regards to all processes of how organic food is grown and manufactured for public consumption, it is also superfluous to ascertain if the IA is desirable or not, either socially or politically.[10] It is clear that the IA retains specific characteristics including creating the NOFSC, an authority with the power to regulate organic food, however in the case that some functions of the NOFSC do not fall within s51 (i), there is no reason to reject the legitimacy of the IA[11]. Implied incidental power may be relevant in this case, as the IA possibly operates separately from the head of powerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s subject matter. The main test to determine whether the IA is within inciden tal range is to see if the IA is within logical and appropriate means in terms of its object or purpose in power.[12] Therefore the link of the IA to s51 (i) in respects to Trade and Commerce is sufficient. This is due to the fact that the IA is made in regards to s51 (i) rather than being insufficient or distant[13], which is why a substantial link to s51 (i) is all that characterisation covers in this case. Judicial Powers The next issue is the application of judicial powers to the NOFSC. The separation of judicial powers is not made explicitly distinct under state constitutions[14]. The two main points to consider are that judicial powers must only be to Chapter (III) courts (who can exercise Chapter (III) powers) and that these courts cannot use non Chapter (III) powers.[15] However administrative roles can be utilised if within incidental range. In terms of the parliament, it cannot use judicial powers that may put the IA and the NOFSC under the constitutional powers o f trade and commerce by trying to affirm certain facts. The next question is whether the IA is exercising the judicial power of the Commonwealth. To determine the meaning of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"judicial powerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ it should be considered what were the meaning of the words at the time of the creation of the act.[16] Two judicial powers are that of judicial review and being able to make enforceable decisions that involve legal rights. In this case à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Organic Food Rights Nowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is claiming that the IA is preventing the right to healthy food. However even though the power to enforce is specific to courts the power to make other conclusive determinations of legal rights prevent non-Chapter (III) bodies from making judgements that may have an effect on legal rights, as long as these non-Chapter (III) bodies do not have the power to make decisions that cannot be appealed, that is, any conclusive decisions.[17] Thirdly the IA creates the NOFSC whi ch seems to be exercising judicial power, in addition there is a Federal Court Judge who will head the NOFSC which raises the issue of whether the judge is acting in their personal or judicial capacity. The nature of the power conversed is likely to be judicial and by applying the Persona Designata Rule a federal judge, in this case The Honourable Janice Hamilton, may occupy a non-judicial post.[18] The power of the NOFSC to apply punitive penalties is non-judicial. Based on the constitutional validity of the IA the NOFSC does have the authority over the organic food industry to which the act applies. However what this commission is allowed to do at most is to provide references to a Chapter (III) court so that any breaches of the IA can be legitimately enforced. Conclusion In advising Brendon, Get-it-there-Quick and Organic Food Rights Now, it is clear that it was the parliamentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s intention to pass the legislation in regards to interstate trade and commerc e in addition to the creation of the NOFSC which allows the Commonwealth to control subject matters specifically in relation to trade and commerce that operate within the incidental range of s51 (i). The IA is hence not unconstitutional. In regards to the separation of powers, the NOFSC is invalid in its decisions that apply to Brendon and Get-It-There-Quick and its decisions should not be enforceable on these parties. The parties should seek an opportunity to represent their case at a hearing and appeal to a court if necessary. Maanik Ruprai 17516642 [1] W A McAthur Ltd v Queensland (1920) 28 CLR 530 [2] Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, s51 (i) [3] R v Burgess; Ex Parte Henry(1936) 55 CLR 608 [4] Redfern v Dunlop Rubber Australia Ltd(1964) 110CLR194 [5] Minister for Justice (WA) (Ex rel Ansett Transport Industries (Operations) Pty Ltd) v Australian National Airlines Commission (1976) 138 CLR 492 [6] Fairfax v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1965) 114 CLR [7] Bank of New South Wales v The Commonwealth(1948) 76CLR1 [8] Australian National Airways Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (No 1)(1945) 71CLR29 [9] Bank of New South Wales v The Commonwealth(1948) 76CLR1 [10] Australian National Airways Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (No 1)(1945) 71CLR29 [11] Murphyores Inc Pty Ltd v Commonwealth(1976) 136CLR1, [1976] HCA 20 [12] R v Burgess; Ex parte Henry(1936) 55CLR608 [13] Re Dingian and Ors Ex Parte Wagner and Anor [1995] HCA 16, 183 CLR 323, 128 ALR 81 [14] Building Construction Employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã ¢â€ž ¢ and Buildersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Labourers Federation (NSW) v Minister for Industrial Relations (1986) 7 NSWLR 372 [15] R v. Kirby; Ex parte Boilermakers Society of Australia[1956] HCA 10, (1956) 94CLR254 [16] Attorney-General for New South Wales v Brewery Employees Union of New South Wales) (1908) 6 CLR 469 [17] Shell Co. of Australia Ltd v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1930) 44 CLR 530 [18] Hilton v Wells(1984) 157 CLR 57

First Thanksgiving In The History - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 940 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/03/29 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Thanksgiving Essay Did you like this example? In this essay I will be talking about The First Thanksgiving. Also I will be talking about the people that participated in this event, the events, and landing in America. My thoughts are That the Pilgrims and Indians were friendly that is why that made a Thanksgiving feast to thank each other and the Lord our God. But I do not know if they Pilgrims and Indians were friendly to each other. So, as I will be writing/typing this essay I am gonna learn a lot new things about The First Thanksgiving. In this paragraph I will be writing/typing about the people that participated in this event. The first people that I will be talking about, is the Pilgrims. First question, who were the Pilgrims. The Pilgrims were English Separatists who founded Plymouth in New England. In the early 17th Century, a few English Puritans broke away from the Church of England. One such congregation, originally located in the village of Scrooby in Nottinghamshire, moved first from England to Amsterdam, and then later some left for North America aboard the Mayflower. This group were first called The Pilgrims by William Bradford. The Mayflowers passengers were first described as the Pilgrim Fathers in 1799. The word pilgrim itself simply means a person who travels, especially a long distance, as an act of religious devotion. The Pilgrims (or Separatists) left Europe because they believed that the reforms of the Anglican Church had not gone far enough. In order to be rightful interpreters of the Bible indep endent of an inherited social and culture order, the Pilgrims knew they had to leave England and seperate themselves from Anglican Church. They first moved to Holland. After twelve years of hard life in Holland, the Pilgrims decided to move again. They hoped to find a better and easier place of living, to propagate and advance the gospel of the kingdom of Christ in remote parts of the world, ad to be left alone to live in their own pure and righteous way. They also knew that Hollands truce with Catholic Spain was near its end and the Pilgrims would have been wiped out if Spain took control of Holland. The Pilgrims sailed this ship across the Atlantic Ocean, following a path to a landmass previously discovered by the explorer, Christopher Columbus. They landed in what is now known as Cape Cod. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "First Thanksgiving In The History" essay for you Create order The Indians were Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous people of the United States. There are over five-hundred federally recognized tribes within the US, about half of which are associated with Indian reservations. The term excludes Native Hawaiians and some Alaska Natives. My thought about what the Indians and the Pilgrims thought about each other, is that when they saw each they started fighting, this is what I think. What really happened was the Pilgrims and Wampanoag Indians did have a harmonious relationship in the early years of the Plymouth Colony. But historians and interpreters say it was based on practical reasons that hold lessons for such relations today. By the time the Pilgrims arrived in Massachusetts Bay they found only one living Patuxet Indian, a man named Squanto who had survived slavery in England and knew their language. He taught the Pilgrims how to grow corn and how to fish, and nego tiated a peace treaty between the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag Nation. Here are some interesting facts about Squanto, the first one is that his birth name was Tisquantum. The second one is he was captured by the Wampanoag, but rescued by Myles Standish and the Pilgrims who did not want to lose their interpreter. The third one is h was likely at the first Thanksgiving in Plymouth. Last but not least Squanto taught the colonists to bury dead fish in the soil for fertilizer. When the Pilgrims meet Squanto, he helped the Pilgrims communicate with the Native Americans. He taught them how to plant corn. He taught them how to catch fish. He taught them where to find nuts and berries. That is why Squanto was really important for them (Pilgrims). In this paragraph I will be writing about the events. What happened was the Pilgrims left their land and came to a place called Plymouth. There the Indians (Native Americans) helped them build houses and find food. The Native Americans (Indians) were the first people to live in America. The Pilgrims left the New World from England; they were seeking freedom from religious oppression. They also left because the Pilgrims believed that the reforms of the Anglican Church had not gone far enough. The date of what is typically recognized as the first Thanksgiving is not precisely known, it is generally believed to have occurred between September 21 and November 9, 1621. The American tradition of Thanksgiving began with a three-day feast that took place in 1621 to celebrate a bountiful harvest. It became cemented as an annual celebration in 1863, when President Lincoln declared a Day of Thanksgiving in the midst of the Civil War. In fact, the pilgrims probably did not eat turkey on their first Thanksgiving. We do know that they ate venison, wild turkey, clams, lobster, mussels, sea bass, bluefish, corn, squash, and beans. In my conclusion I will like to conclude that the first Thanksgiving went really good. The Pilgrims and Indians became very good friends. The Indians taught the Pilgrims how to catch fish and how to grow corn. There would never ever been a day of Thanksgiving if the Indians and Pilgrims didnt meet and become friends. So this is what I would like to conclude my conclusion with.

Problems Related to Climate Change Essay examples

Climate change has been a topic of concern for humanity over the past two decades. In my opinion, it is the best example of the consequences of our actions on our planet. Most countries have taken some efforts and precautions to save the Earth from experiencing further damage. Decline of forests and global warming has affected our lives in more ways than one and in the future, the Earth and its inhabitants might see a more crucial period in their lives, if we neglect this issue. At this point in time, preventing further climate changes is the most important precaution, in my opinion. Unlike events like war, terrorism, and recession, which have direct impacts on the human population, climate change is an indirect consequence of our actions.†¦show more content†¦When trees and plants are cut down, more and more carbon dioxide lingers to the atmospheric air. Thus, deforestation contributes to the increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a major comp onent of the greenhouse gases and greenhouse gases are responsible for increasing earth’s atmospheric temperature. Global temperatures have risen by 0.74 in the last century with 0.55oC rise being observed in the last 30 years (Mertz et al., 2006). Hence an excess of carbon dioxide gets trapped in the air, it indirectly causes glaciers and polar icescapes to melt down. This, in turn, results in an increase in the sea levels, which can be fatal to the earth’s landscape. The rising sea levels have been noticed in the American state of Florida, European cities of Amsterdam and Venice. ( natgeo ). The varying patterns of precipitation also affect agriculture. The increase in carbon dioxide levels and temperature affects the production of crops like rice, wheat, and corn. According to the studies conducted by Easterling and Apps (2005), the percentage of yield for corn and wheat will decrease by 7% with every 1oC rise in temperature. 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Climate change is a serious problem for the planet earth that have leaders fro m around the world worried about its effects. The rise of sea level, the melting of the glaciers on Antarctica due to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is threatening the life of people living in many different big cities aroundRead MoreThe Economics Of Climate Change1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe Economics of Climate Change The world economy is a very complex system; in the system harmful externalities disrupt capital flows and determine economic productivity. Most notable of these externalities is inadvertent global warming. Spending towards research and regulation of climate change at both the national and international level are very important in determining current and future business trends. 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Climate change will affect the general public’s health; the only question is â€Å"How much?† Climate change’s effects are very realRead MoreClimate Change ´s Impact on the NY-NJ-PA Part of the US1088 Words   |  4 PagesRecently, the environment issues are becoming more and more serious. The increasing of greenhouse gas emission and pollutions lead to many environment problems related to climate change. The climate change impact our urban life in many aspects. As the biggest metropolitan area in US, New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area has a population about 19,831,858 by year 2012 (U.S. Department of Commerce, US Census Bureau, 2012) The population has been increased by 1.35% sinceRead MoreClimate Change And Its Impacts On The Environment935 Words   |  4 Pagesthe deterioration of the earth and one significant factor is due to the issues of climate change. Majority of environmental as well as social scientist that cares about the world defines climate change as the primary source of global risk since it could have severe impacts on the future generations. In addition, the general meaning of the term ‘climate change’ is defined as the change in regional or global climate patterns and it is mainly caused by human activities such as deforestation and emissionRead MoreClimate Change : Human Activity1015 Words   |  5 PagesClimate Change: Human Activity is to Blame Climate change is an extremely serious threat because it affects every living thing on the planet. Climate change can have destructive effects like causing extreme weather events, ocean acidification and increasing global temperature. These are only few of the effects of climate change and if it continues can even cause the extinction of humanity. Much of the scientific community agrees that our use of fossil fuels is the cause and our continued dependency

Globalization A Powerful Weapon of the United States

Introduction On the 17th of December 2010 a young street vendor from Tunisia, frustrated, set himself on fire, and died a few weeks later as an infliction of this self-immolation. Mohamed Bouazizi became a symbol of freedom, and his later death was dubbed as part of a group of heroic martyrs of a new Middle Eastern revolution.1 These young men and women, whose pictures and names became national icons, were from all over the Arab world. They were all after the same thing; an end to the suppressive evil that they have witnessed throughout most of their lives and to many their entire lives. A few weeks later, inspired and encouraged by the events in Tunisia and the successful ousting of the Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali,†¦show more content†¦Slowly Europe was open to American cooperate and cultural sway, this later lead the US to divert its attention to the post-colonial overseas territories of the war exhausted Europe. The ingenious of the Marshal Plan proved it not just a short term financial investment but also a political one. It allowed for a new form of imperialism, in which a strong traditional colonial apprehension was not eminently present. By focusing on funding civil society organizations and governments, donors can create a vicious circle of dependency. This allowed for the creation of priorities in providing aid and viewed as a whole, it created political dominance. On a collateral level vast amounts were supplied as military aid directed at providing for the interests of American security and corporate presence. However this â€Å"fi nancial assistance† created in the aid dependent countries, like Egypt and many of the African nations, regimes that not only cooperated with US interests for the incentive but also repressing their populations for survival. 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More than ever before, nation-states are able to communicate, trade and war with other countries with unprecedented speed. Yet, even in a globalized system, traditional security theories are still valid. Globalization has played an undisputed role in giving non-state actors, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) a voice in the international security

Community Health Department Investigation Free Essays

The Health Department received a letter notifying them of a possible health problem in regards to students at Truman and Jackson Middle Schools. It is my duties as a member of the investigative team to find out if there was an increase of absences and for what classes. In looking at the charts it would appear that the absences occurred for the band classes at Truman and Jackson Middle Schools on May 20th. We will write a custom essay sample on Community Health Department Investigation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The chart shows an absent rate of 33% for Truman and 25% for Jackson (â€Å"Independent School District 12 Intranet†). According to the letter from the principal at Truman Middle School she is concerned that a flu outbreak could be the cause of the student’s absences but there is also information from the Health Department inspections that shows restaurants with violations such as: sanitation, food storage, and food preparation. My first hypothesis would be that the students from Truman and Jackson were absent from school on the 20th because they ate at one of the restaurants and caught food poisoning. Several of the students had similar symptoms such as: diarrhea, fever, and vomiting which kept them from attending school. My second hypothesis would be that the students from the two schools came in contact with another which could have lead them to transmitting the flu to one another. This would be supported by the fact that on the calendar of events the students attended the Battle of the Bands on May 19th, which was a day before the absences started taking place. There are six testable questions that could help with the investigation: how close are Truman and Jackson schools, did other band students from Kennedy and Roosevelt report the same symptoms, was there direct contact between the students at Truman and Jackson, were the band students from Kennedy and Roosevelt in contact with the students from Truman and Jackson, was the reported illnesses from students who played the same instrument, and how close are Kennedy and Roosevelt to Truman and Jackson. The following statement: â€Å"The Brentwood Indians basketball team lost the state championship because there is bad stuff in the stars happening with Mars in Aquarius†, is not a suitable hypothesis. In order for â€Å"bad stuff† to be tested we would need to know what exactly it is that they are referring to as â€Å"bad stuff†. How to cite Community Health Department Investigation, Essay examples

Financial Crisis 1997 Impact to Malaysia free essay sample

Thillainathan; and Ms Rosliza Musa for the graphic presentations in this paper. The usual disclaimers apply. Chapter present financial crisis is very different from the one Malaysia experienced in 1998. In 1998, Malaysia suffered a contraction in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth due to the Asian financial crisis which originated from Thailand. In contrast, the present crisis did not start in Asia or Malaysia but is due to the weaknesses in the United States financial industry which escalated into a severe international financial crisis and deep slump in global trade and global recession by late 2008. The world? major economies, in particular the US, the European countries and Japan, are experiencing the worst economic contraction since the Great Depression of the 1930s. Being a small open and export-dependent economy, Malaysia has not been spared from this external shock. The negative shock was transmitted to the Malaysian economy in the fourth quarter of 2008. Exports and industr ial output deteriorated and investments declined. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Crisis 1997 Impact to Malaysia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Consumer sentiment was also adversely affected. As a result, GDP growth in the fourth quarter of 2008 was significantly lower at 0. 1% compared with an average of 5. 9% in the first nine months of the year. It is fortunate that Malaysian banks have negligible exposure to securities linked to US subprime loans, and Malaysia? s financial institutions and banks are in a better shape today than they were during the Asian financial crisis. 1 However, prominent local economists 1 Bank Negara Malaysia Annual Report 2008. 1 forecast that though Malaysia may not witness sharp downturns as compared with that of 1998, this may be a longer recession than the one in 1998. 2 This paper intends to examine the impact of this global financial crisis on the Malaysian real economy sector and discuss the policy implications for the economy. Chapter 2 presents an overview of the Malaysian economy after the Asian financial crisis (AFC). This chapter shows that after the AFC, Malaysia became more export-dependent, with the external sector overtaking private investments as the main driver of growth in GDP. Private investments, both domestic and foreign, declined in the aftermath of the AFC. Despite the government? s continued efforts to provide new investment incentives to a broad range of industries, investment as a percentage of GDP has not returned to its pre-crisis level. Chapter 3 identifies the channels through which the current global crisis affected Malaysia. There are two key channels through which the US financial crisis has been transmitted to Malaysia, namely, the trade channel and the finance channel. This chapter also shows how the global crisis is then transmitted to the Malaysian real economy, leading to a fall in consumer spending, job losses and a fall in the country? s income. Chapter 4 describes the government policies adopted in response to this global crisis. Chapter 5 provides concluding remarks and policy implications. 2 StarBizWeek, roundtable discussion on the impact of the global crisis on Malaysia, 28 February 2009.

The First Amendment Says Its All Right To Express Ones Opinions As Lon

The first amendment says it's all right to express one's opinions as long as that opinion doesn't do any harm to others. Flag Burning, as the Supreme Court declared it, is protected underneath the first amendment whether you or I like it or not. That is a fact. If the majority believes it's unjust to this country then I suppose that they come up with a new amendment to declare flag burning unconstitutional. Until they do that, then flag burning will remain legal. I am not saying that burning our nation's flag, which is dear to my and many other citizens of this country's hearts, is right. But as long as the first amendment says what it does, then there's nothing that we can do about it. Burning our dear nation's flag is destructive to this country, and it needs to stop. But they do have the right even though it's not right. What we who oppose flag burning need to do is protest against those who participate in flag burning, without causing violence. If we cause violence, then we would be stooping down to their low level, and it wouldn't solve anything. Flag Burning disgraces all who put their sweat and tears to fight long and hard for this country's freedom. Those brave honorable heroes are the reason why we are the United States of America, and are the reason why we are lucky enough to bear a flag with such honor, nobility, and grace. Burning our nation's flag is dishonorable to those founders of this great country. That is no way to show respect to the people who battled to earn the right for our country's freedom. I know that the reasons behind all of this foolish flag burning is just a way to protest. But, if the protesters could just take a step back and see how ridiculously foolish they are being, then they would realize just how much they are disrespecting this country. If your going to protest, find another way to express your opinions. And if you are protesting because you don't like this country, then leave. No one is forcing you to stay. Yes, flag burning is protected under the first amendment, but it is wrong. Let's take a stand and protect this country from falling to these foolish, heartless protesters. Let's make burning the flag indefinitely wrong!

How to Write a Movie Review Sample Essay - Writing Good Reviews That Get Noticed

How to Write a Movie Review Sample Essay - Writing Good Reviews That Get NoticedI'm going to show you some tips on how to write a movie review sample essay that you can use on different job and school applications. Everyone knows that writing a review is tough but writing a stellar one is harder than it looks. Luckily, with the help of these tips, you can easily make your movie review sample essay shine.The first thing you need to do is prepare yourself for what you're going to say in your movie review. You need to think about all the positives and negatives about the movie. You have to figure out if the movie was good or bad. This is not enough however. You have to do more than that.If you want to be able to talk intelligently and to not sound like a review copy-cat, you have to know some things about movies. Since movies are full of people from all walks of life, you need to know them.As you know, a lot of people hate movies because of the violence they have. In your movie review, you need to talk about how some of those people were hurt by the violence, while others were made into movies just to keep the blood flowing. You also need to talk about some of the good points as well, for you to really say something to those people who hated the movie.The last thing you need to know about how to write a movie review sample essay is that there is no right or wrong way to do it. There is a way that you can write something that is informative, but you can also write it so it's not that informative, that is all you have to do.Whatever you do, remember that your review should be written from the perspective of an individual. Even though you are telling a story, you can only tell the story in the perspective of an individual.This will help you write better since you are writing for an audience. Once you understand this, then you'll also understand that just saying 'good'bad' is not enough. You have to say why the movie is good or bad and why it was created in the first place.

The Muslim World Has Demonstrated Uncertainties Religion Essays

The Muslim World Has Demonstrated Uncertainties Religion Essays The Muslim World Has Demonstrated Uncertainties Religion Essay The Muslim World Has Demonstrated Uncertainties Religion Essay Introduction Although there are over one billion Muslims in the universe, and over 10 million in the West, most treatments of Islam are based on cliches or straight-out bias ( Akbar and Tauris, 2008 ) . The inquiry of international human rights and the Muslim reading is filled with jobs, including the Western point of view that many bookmans have recognized to the content of international instruments and to the treatment environing them. In this essay I will turn to two of import countries of the discourse around Islam and human rights, and in making so will be aware of these furnishings of human rights in Islam as viewed from my as awaited Western position. In Section 1, I will supply a critical analysis of Islamic positions of UDHR, ICCPR, and CEDAW, every bit good as Muslim justifications for the UIDHR. In Section 2, I will discourse the relationship between the Madinah ( the five pillars and the three rules of political, economic and societal establishments ) and how it formed a foundation fo r the Islamic province of Iran every bit good as the construct of the future province of Palestine. Section # 1 The cardinal international instruments codifying human rights norms are the UDHR, the ICCPR and CEDAW. The Muslim universe has demonstrated uncertainnesss in using each of these instruments. As respects the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( UDHR ) , these uncertainnesss may be partially due to a deficiency of committedness from the beginning, every bit good as a failure to expect the long-run deductions of signing such instruments. Mayer has noted that the ballots in favour by [ aˆÂ ¦ ] the little figure of Muslim states that were already UN members in 1948 did non uncover the ambivalency and cleavages that would later emerge ( 2006, p.3 ) . Although those Muslim states accepted 2nd coevals rights, they lacked both the committedness and resources to guarantee that their criterions were realized ( Mayer, 2006, p.3 ) . Many of those same Muslim states showed they were non prepared to esteem the cardinal UDHR principal of the equality of all human existences, and co ntinued know aparting against adult females, against racial and spiritual groups, against disfavored ethnicities and autochthonal peoples, and/or against the colonised peoples whom they ruled ( Mayer, 2006, p.4 ) . As respects the protection of the specific human rights of adult females, Mayer has besides commented that there are considerable Muslim reserves as respects the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women ( CEDAW ) ( 2006, p.19 ) . The 1996 ICCPR represented a move towards codification of human rights that was more representative of Eastern every bit good as Western values. Indeed, the dramatic disparity between the 1948 UDHR and the 1996 ICCPR illustrated how the really different historical experiences of Western colonists and the peoples whom they occupied affected their several human rights precedences ( Mayer, 2006, p.4 ) . This instrument is more delighting within the Muslim construct of human rights, and more easy implemented within Muslim states that the UDHR. However, the ICCPR besides included an of import article sing freedom of faith: Article 18 of the ICCPR [ aˆÂ ¦ ] to separately or in community with others and in public or private, to attest his faith or belief in worship, observation, pattern, and learning ( Witte and van der Vyyer, 1996, p.279 ) . This article is often ignored in certain Muslim states, such as Iran, where the freedom to pattern and more specifically to non pattern certa in spiritual observations is restricted. The enforcement of certain frock codifications for adult females in Iran is a cardinal illustration of this limitation. In add-on to these international instruments, the Universal Islamic Declaration of Human Rights ( UIDHR ) was adopted by the Islamic Council in 1981. This can be considered a consequence of the fact in which preparations of human rights have frequently been made in Islamic footings, proposing that Islam is a critical factor impacting Muslim s receptiveness to human rights constructs ( Mayer, 1998, p.1 ) . The UIDHR represents a type of Islamification of the constructs contained in the preexistent international human rights instruments. In fact, many of the same rules contained in the UDHR and the ICCPR are repeated in the UIDHR. As noted in Human Rights in Global Positions: Religious Positions, the UIDHR does incorporate the mentions found in the discourse of international jurisprudence. For illustration, Article X, titled Rights of Minorities , provinces: The Quranic rule that there is no irresistible impulse in faith shall regulate the spiritual rights of non-Muslim states. In a Muslim state, spiritual minorities shall hold the pick to be governed in regard of their civil and personal affairs by Islamic Law or by their owns Torahs. Article XIII provides every individual with the right to freedom of scruples and worship in conformity with one s spiritual beliefs, while article XII ( vitamin E ) forbids roasting, keeping in disdain, or motivating public ill will against the spiritual beliefs of others ( Witte and van der Vyyer, 1996, p.396 ) . It is unsure whether the standard value of this new codification of human rights to Muslim audiences is that its content is more dependable with Islamic values, or if it is the writing itself that is of greater importance. Sing the similarities in the substantial rights protected, one admirations if the drafting of this papers was an exercising for the Muslim universe in taking ownership of the international human rights discourse, instead than being for the intent of doing important substantial alterations to the rights and imposts recognized within. However, some substantial alterations were decidedly introduced in the content of the UIDHR. As noted in Religious Human Rights in Global Positions: Religious Positions, the UIDHR is non without its ain qualified transitions as respects freedom of look. Although article XII ( a ) provides every individual with the right to show his ideas and beliefs, it is merely so long as he remains within the bounds approved by the Law, which, in the Arabic version, reads, the Shariah, the peculiar word for Islamic jurisprudence. [ aˆÂ ¦ ] the UIDHR was drafted in response to the supposed inclination among Western rights advocators and bookmans to except Islam from the cultural sphere where human rights were conceived and proclaimed and where they retain intending ( Witte and van der Vyyer, 1996, p.397 ) Section # 2 The Madinah the five pillars and the three rules as a political, economic and societal establishments has been included in changing ways in the foundation of a series of Islamic provinces and imperiums. Some have argued that the values that underlie the five pillars of Islam are besides core values for Muslim passive resistance action ( Esack, 2006, p.141 ) . Esack has besides noted that Zakah, one of the five chief pillars of Islam, is aimed at sing distributive societal justness and authorization of the weak ( 2006, p.145 ) . In pattern, nevertheless, those values have besides been used to convey about violent action and societal favoritism. In peculiar, the Madinah has played an of import function in the constitution of the current Persian government, and is besides going progressively outstanding in the treatment environing the motion for an independent Palestinian province. As respects to Iran, the illustration cited above of frock limitations for adult females is a clear presentation of the failure to esteem what Esack has identified as the distribution of justness and the warrant of societal justness for weaker groups. Rather than utilizing the Madinah to further regard for single human rights, it became a tool of use in the custodies of those who wanted power, as spiritual codifications frequently do. In peculiar, Esack has noted that the Muslim faith was used as a radicalizing factor to dispute bing authorization figures. He states faith has so at times supported, or even brought approximately, radical state of affairss. New spiritual readings did much to convey about the radicalization of faith which terminated monarchial regulation in Iran ( 1979 ) and [ aˆÂ ¦ ] unnoticed by perceivers of Iran, have on away the authorization of the established clergy every bit good ( 2006, p.53 ) . This radicalization came in response to an every bit utmost duty of secularisation in Iran after World War I. It is interesting to observe that radicalism can be every bit in both faith and secularism, and that either of these frequently creates radicalism of the opposite sort. It has been asserted that the coercive and intrusive mode in which secularisation was forced by autocratic governments in Turkey and Iran after the terminal of the First World War [ aˆÂ ¦ ] aggravated [ aˆÂ ¦ ] confusion and intensified [ aˆÂ ¦ ] contention over the issue of whether Islam allows differentiation between faith and province ( Witte and van der Vyyer, 1996, p.350 ) . Therefore, the values that many believe to be personified in the Madinah, including equality, regard for single freedoms, societal justness and passive resistance were in many ways abandoned. Alternatively, Islamic rules were influence to warrant and air policies hostile to civil and political rights which were promo ted by authoritiess in states like Iran ( Mayer, 2006, p.18 ) . The radicalization of the Medinah is in many ways responsible for this result. Domestic and international support for an independent Palestinian province has besides taken on an progressively Muslim attack, peculiarly in the aftermath of the 2008-2009 invasion of Gaza. Support for the Islamic group Hamas, whose election sparked that invasion, has continued to turn. Esack has noted that at present, re-interpreted spiritual thoughts feed the opposition motion in Palestine and feed resistances that are sacredly articulated and politically motivated where the conflict lines are drawn ( 2006, p.53 ) . International protagonists have encouraged representatives of the hereafter Palestinian province have urged them to show their statements in footings that refer to international human rights instruments, instead than Muslim public speech production, in order to make a wider audience and to beef up great international support for the Palestinian cause. The affair of an independent Palestine has besides helped to determine up response throughout the Muslim universe as respects self finding. The great shop that people in Muslim states topographic point by the right of self finding correlatives closely with Muslims preoccupation with Palestinians failure after decennaries of battle to set up an independent Palestine ( Mayer, 2006, p.25 ) . This demonstrates that this recent move towards the faith of the Palestine treatment is a response to decennaries of failure to get the better of subjugation, instead than deep-seated strong beliefs. The psychological failing that has resulted from so many old ages of agony has created an increased potency for maltreatment, non merely of the Palestinians themselves, but besides of perceivers elsewhere in the Muslim universe. In fact, it has been suggested that authoritiess in Muslim states are working this preoccupation with the Palestinians predicament, and have frequently encouraged people t o concentrate on Palestinians long-thwarted national release battle as manner to squelch and debar popular demands for expanded rights and freedoms on the domestic scene ( Mayer, 2006, p.25 ) . Section # 3 Before taking this class, I was nt really educated with the subject of Women in Islam in great item. Partially due to my current abode in North America, and my deficiency of attending with reading or watching the intelligence. As a Muslim, I was witting of a lone some points that were in relation to Women in Islam with respect to a few of the responsibilities a adult female should prosecute. Rules that disallowed adult females to direct Salaat ( supplication ) with work forces in melody with the day-to-day supplications ; an illustration of how adult females are purely forbidden to expose their hair or any signifier of tegument which could go forth the opposite gender to take its class in thought of haram ( iniquitous ) Acts of the Apostless. As a pupil, in July, I was really much intrigued by the rubric of this class due to the word Islamic . As a Muslim, one should experience proud to hold that word in show right in forepart of their eyes on the proctor. Without reading the description, I expected to derive cognition of more about my faith, the political relations behind it. Because of my deficiency in cognition from non reading or watching the intelligence, I was trusting to larn and maintain up-to-date with recent events continuing in the Muslim universe today. Due to changeless absences because of my unwellness and spiritual observation, as a pupil in the category and at place I learnt many important facets of the faith in respects to the Sharia. Certain critical figures of the past 50 old ages ( e.g. Grand Ayatollah Sayyed Ruhollah Mostafawi Mousawi Khomeini ) , larning about the methods in registration behind the Al-Qaeda, and the current categorization of Jihad. Having passed this class, with consent of the Professor, I intend to larn more and delve deeper into a shoebox of the recent issues with mention to Muslims and hope to distribute my ain message through the current community work and place I presently reside on. I wish to discourse to my fellow young person and through treatments, educate them, with the cognition that I have acquired. I excessively, happen this as an chance to go on on in broadening my positions on the topic through reading and watching the intelligence.

Sample Poor Letter of Recommendation

Sample Poor Letter of Recommendation Letters of recommendation are critical to your graduate school application, and later on, youll find that they are essential parts of your application to internships, post-docs, and faculty positions. Take care in requesting your recommendation letter because not all letters are helpful. Pay attention to signs that the professor is reluctant to write on your behalf. A mediocre or even neutral letter will not help your application and will even hurt it.   ~~ A Sample Poor Letter of Recommendation: Dear Admissions Committee:   Ã‚   It is my pleasure to write on behalf of Lethargic Student, who has applied for admission at XY University. I am Lethargics advisor and have known her for nearly four years since she was a freshman. In Fall, Lethargic will be a senior. She has had a variety of courses in psychological development, clinical psychology, and research methods that will aid her progress as a social work student. She has performed very well in her coursework, as evidenced by her 2.94 GPA. I’ve been very impressed with Lethargic because she is a very hard worker, intelligent, and compassionate.    In closing, I recommend Lethargic Student for admission to XY University. She’s bright, motivated, and has strength of character. If you would like to learn more about Lethargic, please feel free to contact me at (xxx) xxx-xxxx or email xxxxxx.edu    Sincerely,Passionate Prof ~~~~~~~~~~ Why is this letter mediocre? There are no details. The faculty member clearly knows the student only as an advisor and has never had her in class. Moreover, the letter discusses only material thats evident in her transcript. You want a letter that goes beyond listing the courses youve taken and your grades. Seek letters from professors who have had you in class or supervised your research or applied activities. An advisor who has no other contact with you is not a good choice because he or she cannot write about your work and cannot offer examples that illustrate your competencies and your aptitude for graduate work.

In a clear and concisely reasoned 9, which addresses the work of the Essay

In a clear and concisely reasoned 9, which addresses the work of the author, Ernest Hemingway - Essay Example Most notably, he was one of the Americans who participated in the First World War although not as a soldier. During that war, he worked as a volunteer serving as an ambulance driver a vocation that saw him seriously wounded. This essay will highlight the outstanding features that defined Hemingway’s writing style. Some of his famous works such as, â€Å"The Sun also Rises† and â€Å"The Old Man in the Sea† will be used to demonstrate the uniqueness in his style. Prior to highlighting the writing style of Hemingway, it is important to establish the background of the period in which he lived and wrote his works. Being a 20th century author, he experienced many of the defining aspects of that century. As highlighted above, one of those aspects is the first and the second world war that altered the perception of many people in the globe. Worth mentioning is the fact that Hemingway was of American origin (Bloom 67). Therefore, one of his outstanding experiences is the desperation that defined many of the American citizens after the world war. Moreover, the post war period that was defined by the emergence of individualism, materialism, pessimism and degraded moral values are aspects of life that Hemingway lived to see. Without doubt therefore, these experiences serve to define some of the common themes in his works. He underwent the radicalization of that century a factor that was also similar to many of his contemporaries. Hemingway was interested in joining the army in his earlier years, but his failed sight denied him the chance. After the voluntary venture of being an ambulance driver, during a time when many atrocities of the first world war were being perpetrated, he later joined journalism. For a period of time, he was a reporter with one of the publications in Kansas city. His career in journalism served to influence his writing style, making it uniquely distinctive from that of his

Plastic bags should be concerned more before it poisons our planet Term Paper

Plastic bags should be concerned more before it poisons our planet - Term Paper Example There were even 63 identified uses of plastic bags, specifically Walmart bags. (Trucker 2009) However, as the world progressed and the environment began to be clogged by these plastic bags, its harmful effects could not be idly dismissed. It is in this regard that this essay is written to determine the effects of plastic bags in our environment. After briefly tracing the origins of the plastic bags, the essay would initially present its uses and its over-consumption and discuss its ultimate effects in our environment. Finally, this essay would suggest recommendations address the issues concerning the harmful effects of these plastic bags in the environment. The first identified use for plastic bags is to wrap food products. In 1969 Appierdo (2008) presented that â€Å"the New York City Sanitation Department’s ‘New York City Experiment’ demonstrates that plastic refuse bag curbside pickup is cleaner, safer and quieter than metal trash can pick-up, beginning a shift to plastic can liners among consumers†. The 1970s likewise marked more uses for plastic bags as recognized by retail giants such as Sears, J.C. Penney, Montgomery Ward, Jordan Marsh, Allied, Federated, and Hills. (Appierdo 2008) During the 1990s, the technology for recycling enabled the plastic bags to transform its utilization to other productive benefits. Barnard (2007) stipulated that â€Å"with some trial and error we were able to construct a pretty durable and usable shopping bag.

The Tragic Tale of Pauls Case Essay example -- Paul

The Tragic Tale of Paul's Case Love could have saved Paul in Willa Cather's "Paul's Case," but love does not find Paul. It is withheld within the hearts of all the people that could have shown affection toward Paul. Although Paul's life ends in suicide, Paul's English teacher, Charley Edwards, or Paul's father could have prevented his premature death. Â   First, Paul's English teacher could have prevented Paul's suicide. After her confrontation with Paul at the chalkboard, she becomes Paul's greatest school adversary. She is Paul's leading detractor at his meeting with the principal, but not without regret. Cather writes, "His teachers left the building dissatisfied and unhappy; humiliated to have felt so vindictive toward a mere boy, to have uttered this feeling in cutting terms, and to have set each other on, as it were, in the gruesome game of intemperate reproach" (156). The regretful English teacher should have spoken to Paul alone, but the story tells of no such occasion. Even though she has blown an opportunity to understand Paul, she is given another chance. During...

Herbal supplements Essay

A survey conducted in the United States in 2002 revealed that approximately 38 million people were using herbal and dietary supplements, citing them as important for their health, yet only about one third of them had reported the usage of these herbal products to a qualified medical practitioner. Estimates from other reports suggested that approximately 25% of those seeking medical treatment for serious medical conditions were also using ‘unconventional’ treatment which they rarely reported to their doctors. Herbal and dietary supplements have become readily available and can be purchased in almost all retail outlets. This makes it easy for patients to use them without supervision from a qualified medical practitioner (Medscape Today, 2007). Most people tend to think that since herbs have been obtained from nature, they are automatically safe. But is this really the case? True, some of these products may be consumed without occasioning any harm to the body but some may contain contaminants that may lead to medical complications and even death. For this reason, it is important that the US Food and Drug Administration regulate these herbal supplements for safety and efficacy (Finkel & Pray, 2004). Concerns arising from use of Herbal supplements The use of herbal and dietary supplements is not under regulation by the US Food and Drug administration. This is very dangerous since it means that these products have not been tested for purity and potency yet they are being consumed by humans in large quantities every day (Medscape Today, 2007). Many plants are quite toxic depending on the climate as well as the condition of the soil where they were grown. The FDA warns that most of the herbal products which are marketed have not been tested and do not contain any information on their toxic content. Thus, while most users may escape injury, there have been some isolated reports of some people dying or incurring grave injuries as a result of using herbs (Finkel & Pray, 2004). Other than the natural toxicity which may be present in plants, it has also been reported that the preparation of these herbs is questionable. Medscape today reports that some of the prepared herbs have been found to actually contain prescription drugs and worse still, heavy metals. These products are never labeled as part of the ingredients and this poses a risk to those who consume them. The danger here lies not only in the fact that these contaminants may cause toxic poisoning to the patients but also in the fact that some patients are allergic to certain products and may consume them without knowing, thus endangering their lives (Medscape Today, 2007). Currently, the labeling of products from herbs is under the regulation of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act. Manufactures of herbal products are required to make general statements on the safety and efficacy of the product. This includes a compulsory statement that disclaims the product from diagnosis, prevention or cure of any disease. Unfortunately, these labels have been designed to promote the use of the product but do not really give the consumer any concrete information on the nature and content of the product. If the FDA is mandated to regulate these products, they will be able to place more necessary information such as side effects and contraindications so that the users know what to expect. This will also put herbal products in the same category as prescription drugs which might probably make the users more inclined to report the usage of these products to their physicians (Medscape Today, 2007). Another issue that raises concerns on the efficacy and safety of the herbal supplements is the fact that no testing or quality control is performed on them prior to being sold in the market. As such, a consumer cannot really be sure if the supposed ingredients that the manufacturer claims to be the contents are actually there or if the product can actually perform the healing wonders that it is purported to. Other than the obvious rip-off, this issue presents concerns over the overall safety of the product (Finkel & Pray, 2004). In deed, the effects of no FDA regulation on herbal products have been seen in the ban on some of the herbal supplements such as those containing ephedra whose usage had resulted in adverse effects on the cardiovascular system in patients. Another product, Kava, was also prohibited due to worries on hepatotoxicity (Medscape Today, 2007). It is rather unfortunate that the FDA can only act against the use of herbal supplements as they evaluate them case by case. In the event that a product has brought about serious injury, investigations will not occur unless there are many other similar reports. This is rather dangerous because by the time the FDA reacts; many people could have been permanently injured or killed as a result of using the product, a situation which could have been easily avoided if the products had been suggested to quality control and analysis. Prevention is always better than cure and mandating the FDA to regulate herbal products will not only go a long way in improving the quality of these products but is also bound to save many lives (Finkel & Pray, 2004). Evidence supporting lack of Safety and Efficacy in Herbal Products There are very many herbal supplements which are available in the market and which are purported to heal a variety of ailments ranging from the common cold to more serious illnesses such as cancer. Some have been successful in healing these ailments but there are those which have failed in achieving this goal. Other than the above mentioned herbal products, Ephedra and kava whose usage was banned due to the danger posed to the users, there are other products which also exhibit the same concerns. Serious reactions to some herbal supplements purchased over the counter have also been recorded with permanent injuries and even death. A case study by Marks (2007), researches on the effects of Tricana which was sold as a herbal supplement to the user and had been hailed for promoting good effects to one’s metabolism which included, loss of weight and the enhancement of energy. Mark focuses on a patient who developed dilated cardiomyopathy after ingesting this supplement, a potentially fatal condition. In deed, the use of this product did not promote the much hailed beneficial effects but instead caused insomnia, nervous conditions and diarrhea. The FDA withdrew Tricana from the market in the year 2000 as a result of these safety concerns (Marks, 2007). Other products include Chaparral which was purported to be a blood purifier as well as a cure for cancer and has also resulted in adverse reactions. It has caused very many cases of liver and kidney related conditions and actually left one patient in need of a liver transplant. Apparently the research on this product has found that the use of chaparral has no benefit whatsoever on the body and pharmacist were advised to inform consumers against using this product (Finkel & Pray, 2004). These are just a few examples of the dangerous effects that over the counter herbal supplements have posed to their users. Thus, one cannot help but feel that some form of regulation by the FDA will have prevented such occurrences. Granted, some herbal products have a record of success. But it is precisely due to the other dangers posed by the other supplements that the US Food and Drug Administration should regulate the use of these products. Right now, the reaction of the FDA is more reactive than proactive; removing herbal supplements from the market only after they have occasioned some serious harm to the user. America cannot afford to have knee jerk reactions to matters that concern the safety of the public. Conclusion While we advocate for the FDA to regulate the use of these products so as to promote their safety and efficacy, it will also be in order to engage in some form of public awareness so that the consumers can know ways in which to check for the safety of the herbal supplements. If they have to buy these products, they should be encouraged to purchase them from pharmacists who are more inclined to give them correct information on the product efficacy. Other sales agents are more inclined to make misleading statements on the product so as to make a quick sale. Above all, it is essential for consumers to be encouraged to report the usage of any of these herbal supplements to their physicians especially if they are taking other medication to prevent any adverse reactions as some of these drugs may not interact well (Finkel & Pray, 2004). ]