Simulating Depth Of Field Effects Film Studies Essay

Simulating Depth Of Field Effects Film Studies Essay Depth of field effects: The distance between foreground and background is called depth of field. The depth of field is the distance in front and behind the point of focus. Objects outside of the depth of field are out of focus. In most cases, the depth of field extends one-third of its distance in front of the focal point, and two thirds its distance behind the focal point. Suppose a lens is focused at area, and lens required sharpness at X distance, and the subject is approximately at X distance, now if we move subject sometime near and far away from the camera at same position, than a very minute changes happen to sharpness . So in anywhere not in camera but our eyes also have some zone through which subject is acceptable sharp and that zone itself is the distance between the lens and the subject and that is called depth of field. However, due to limitations in the human eye, subjects that are slightly nearer to the lens and also subjects slightly further from the lens are perceived to be in focus. These below are the factors which affect more and less depth of field effects. More Depth of field effects Less depth of field effects To achieve more depth of field we have to use shorter focal length of lens. To achieve less depth ofd field effects we have to use longer focal length of lens. To achieve more depth of field we have to use small aperture size. To achieve less depth of field we have to use large aperture. Larger acceptable center of confusion (COC). Smaller acceptable center of confusion (COC). Distant plane of critical focus. Close plane of critical focus. Smaller film format. Larger film format. Focus split: Selecting near and far distance which need to be held equally and acceptably in focus and setting the focus distance to suit. Factors affecting Shallow depth of field effects in cameras High contrast lenses have less depth of field effects than the low contrast lens. Consequently, a smaller diameter of center of confusion should be used in depth of field calculation.(eg- 1/2000 instead of 1/1000 ) Lighting which sharply focused details, brightly lighted objects will appear to have less depth of field effects. The use of lens filter in between the lens and the subject, which will reduces maximum definition and make a greater degree of soft focus. As usual but very common, depth of field effects situation arises with uses of wide angle lens at moderate focus distance.( for e.g. 3ft to 12 ft) Object at infinity: This is occur especially when photographed using long focal length lens( more than 55 mm lenses) trend to appear tend to appear soft because of atmospheric elements(like moisture, smoke, dust, haze, smog). There is solution too for such situation that is only either use HAZE filters available in market or using light yellow filters to increase contrast and sharpness in film. This affects when you filming or photographing in any hilly area, mountain area, beaches, waterfall, or any natural area sometime forest too). In case of shutter release Priority: A fast shutter speed used in photography in order to capture fast moving object( e.g. like if you want to take a shot of moving car), whereas a slow shutter speed used to create blur effects on fast moving object( for e.g. a fast moving car in night and you want to capture back light of car as beam using slow shutter speed) , so therefore a fast shutter speed requires a larger aperture size lets say (f1/16or f/11 ) which allow small amount of light to enter the lens hence it extended depth of field effects and in case of slow shutter speed requires small aperture lets say (f2.8, or f2) which allow more light to enter the camera and hence it produce shallow depth of field effects. When aperture is more open than it allows more light to enter the camera and fall on camera CCD, hence to control amount of light we need a more shutter speed to accumulate and to prevent the photograph from over exposed. A telephoto lens gives you a narrow depth of field effects, by moving a lens as close as to the subject and use largest aperture size of camera lens, while to get the large depth of field use Wide angle lens and move your camera and lens as far as possible and use small aperture size. The degree of magnification that the image may be subjected to when shown or projected close or near to the audience sheet to the screen. I mean to say that when Audience close to a cinema screen will be more aware of soft focus than those who are far away from the cinema screen. Focus Bias: This can occur when one subject is in focus and rest is in out of focus like in case of macro photography with small aperture and long focal length for eg a 200 mm lens with aperture value of 2.8 or 2.0. Effects of aperture and the depth of field: The depth of field effects is being controlled by lens aperture value. If you increase the f-number than depth of field effects also increased but decrease the amount of light entering to the camera and when you decrease the f-number than depth of field effects also decreased (it gives shallow depth of field effect). In motion picture its very limited use of it. Generally cinematographer take a single aperture settings for a shot and for another shot they choose another setting as par locality and they adjust exposure settings with the help of light meter device which tells actuall amount of light presents in that area. Aperture settings and exposure settings are changed more frequently in still cameras than motion picture cameras. In photography and cinematography, variation in depth of field effects used to create various kinds of special effects. Camera movement and the depth of field effects: In film making, a person who looks and takes care of responsibility of lens changing, filter changing, point to focus, maintaining depth of field, setting focal length is known as focus-puller. Focus-puller is one of the assistant person in shooting crew members or camera man. A good focus-puller has very adequate and vast knowledge of cinematography. He has to focus and shift focus smoothly in such a manner that audience cant find jerk on them. In film industry most hard job is of focus puller. He has to perform his duty very accurately because suppose if any role given to actor to act on that, and he done that, but while recording focus puller didnt check focal length and filter than actor has to act again. Doing reshot is tough to achieve same expression what he achieved in previous shot. So this was example how much focus puller important to the cinematography. His work is more technical rather than creative. He has to keep in mind all the guidelines given by the director of phot ography during shooting a shot. Cameras depth of field limits The sharpness of depth of field can be increased by decreasing by Center of confusion, but its not as easy to decrease because it also has some disadvantage that is motion blur and diffraction. As we know center of confusion has inversely relation with f-number like a smaller center of confusion need a greater f number, but need a long exposure time. if we increase f-number than diffraction also increases which will soften or soft all the part of image, thus image will no longer be in sharp. The f-number which will overcome from center of confusion is the minimum acceptable sharpness value. If we increase f- number than the sharpness at limited depth of field improved. As we know there is also maximum f-numbers through which sharpness of depth of field in image gets over. The best f-number should be chosen in between of minimum and maximum f-numbers. Depth of field and Macro or close-up: One of the main difficulties with close-up photography is that keeping the image enough in focus. The closer the lens focuses, the less depth of field you have. When using a macro lens at its maximum magnification, depth of field may only extend a fraction of an inch. With floral close-ups, a small aperture is almost always needed, but even so, it is important that the lens focuses on a key focal point in the composition, since not in the entire frame. Depth of field and shooting on bright hot afternoon: While shooting at outdoor especially in day light, the director of photography may wish to reduce amount of light and the depth of field for a close-up shot. For reducing light, a very good filter available called neutral density filter commonly known as ND filter. Suppose the light meter indicating F/22 but we have till f/16, than ND filter play a very important role. This will reduce the amount of light entering to the camera and enable you to shoot on bright sunny day. On other case, if the director of photography wants a close-up shot, and you have to reduce your depth of field, because by reducing depth of field, it will out of focused the background and puts more importance to the subject or highlight the subject. Circle of confusion While shooting the film, the focus puller must be know that which part of scene should be sharp, so therefore we need something to measure the sharpness of image in relative to film limits of the eyes resolution at the time of viewing or at time of projection on screen. For example: if a image is captured through 35 mm film projected at theater, audience must be at distance of 1/3 back from screen. Now we know that eye resolving power is 1 minute of arc. From audience I mean 1/3 back from screen, the smallest size of a dot appearing on a screen which is in perfectly focused or sharp. Now we can easily measures the distance between audience and the screen through any inch tape, from screen the previous sharpen dot which appeared smallest at back now that will be largest dot from the screen, the arc of 1 minute comes up with physical dimension on the screen for the largest dot that the audience previously seen as a smaller sharp point. Figure 1 (need to put a diagram over here) Now the diameter of dot on screen is not actual size of dot, to find actual size of dot we have to calculate diameter of big dot appearing on screen, than we have to divide with enlargement factor needs to bring the size of our 33 mm film up to size of our cinema screen or projected area. This will bring the size of maximum or big dot. When lens is focused at infinity: If any point is focused from the infinity, the distance between plane of focus and the lens become the focal length of the lens. How image size varies at different points behind the camera lens: Figure 2 (need to put a diagram over here) You can see the image is not at extract plane of focus. The image was there somewhere after plane of focus. So in this case size the dot size forming big. Now imagine if the audience sees this dot size sharpen, clearly in focus, than we can easily calculate the amount of sharpness in which part of overall image looks sharp. Near and far points of focus: Figure 3 (need to put a diagram over here) In this case point B creating a sharp image on image plane or plane of focus, while point A creating image after crossing image plane or plane of focus, which means out of focus or blur or less sharpen image. Conclusion: In film plane, both near object and far away object (Lets take Point A and Point B) expanded and become confused to larger dot than the original dot. Hence this is the circle of confusion. Figure 4 (need to put a diagram over here) Thus, a center of confusion (COC) is the diameter of largest dot which is still considers being sharp, focused, and also seen by the audience in Film Theater when it projected on screen. Focus Split: Focus split is selecting the near and far distance which need to be held equally and acceptably in-focus and setting the focus distance to suit. Lets take x as the distance of near object from the camera lens Lets take y as the distance of far away object from the camera lens Than what could be the focus area? Hyper focal Distance: Hyper focal distance is maximum depth of field that starts from infinity to the camera. If a lens is set to hyper focal distance, than the depth of field effects is half of hyper focal distance from infinity. Hyper focal distance is the distance in which lens is focused at infinity, so that the object in background and foreground both will be at sharper focused. Hyper focal distance depends on many factors, some of like Focal length of the camera lens The aperture f- value Diameter of circle of confusion Hyper Focal distance = (FL2) f X COC Where FL means focal length, f-number means aperture size and COC means circle of confusion After knowing hyper focal distance, its easy to calculate near and far point Near point depth of field = H X S H+(S-F) Far point depth of field = H X S H-(S-F) Where H = Hyper focal distance value S = Distance from camera to the subject F = Focal length of camera lens COC = Circle of confusion Focus Bias: Focus bias occurs when one object is in focus and rest is in out of focus (for e.g like in case of macro photography, with larger aperture and longh focal length, i.e f 2.8 with 200 mm focal length) In cinematography, focus plane yet depth of field effects is calculated using the entrance puple position of

Essay example --

I do always believe in the fact that the more knowledge you gain, the more professional you become. This made me an obvious choice to pursue graduate studies to meet the pinnacle of professional excellence. Presently I am pursuing my final semester of undergraduate study in Computer Science and Engineering I feel it is the right time to take a decision regarding my Masters that contributes for better molding of my future career in the field. The philosophy which I strongly believe in my life is â€Å"A person may not put in his complete efforts in doing a work that he is intended to do but, he will surely give his 100% if the work he does is of his interest†. In my entire journey from my schooling to undergraduate study, I was always fascinated by the tremendous advancements in technology that made many troublesome tasks convenient to the mankind. The computer technology has ushered in a revolution that is unprecedented in its sweep. Its effect on the everyday lives of ordinary people has been phenomenal. Right from the super satellite control stations to the grocer’s humble shop, the efficient office and the busy kitchen in the home this technology is all pervasive, all consuming. This is what makes it one of the most challenging fields as it not only meets needs but has the power to create new needs, rules and total environments of its own. In this pursuit of doing masters in my areas of interest, I was happy to go through coursework for Computer Science and am really interested to do my MS in CS at your esteemed university. I prefer a reputed university in US for its gamut of opportunities and good scope for research in my field of interest. It’s a great privilege t... ... punctuality for which I am physically and mentally equipped. The main aim in opting for an American standard of education is very high competence Particularly in the field of Computer Science. Being a hard working and committed student, I am certain that I will be able to cope with the rigors of an International curriculum with ease. My determination to succeed and do well will enable me to be among the better students of your college. I sincerely request you to consider my application for admission into your reputed university. I would be grateful to you if I am accorded the opportunity to pursue my higher studies and given the opportunity, I am sure that I will be able to achieve my goals keeping in touch with the expectations of the university. Looking forward to be a part of your Master’s Degree Program. Thanks for your time

Make-Up Art Cosmetics

Abstract M. A. C cosmetics started as a small business and has grown into a multimillion dollar organization. They are innovative and organized and promote customer service. There products are of the best in the industry and are reasonably priced. You can find M. A. C all over the world and being marketed by tons of well known celebrities. They focus on working together as teams and promote employees to think outside the box. Not only is the organization extremely successful but it is incredibly generous. Since 4000 BC the demonstrations of cosmetics was produced by the Egyptians.Cooper minerals, perfumed oils, cream made of sheep fat, lead and soot were used as face make-up to bestow beauty and style. In 1984 Make-up Art Cosmetics, better known as M. A. C was founded in Toronto, Canada by Frank Toskan and Frank Angelo. Toskan was a former make-up artist and photographer and Angelo a former hair salon owner. Both men saw the need for cosmetics that held up under high powered lights f ound in a photo shoot or runway show. Toskan and Angelo’s test market was in the basement at the Toronto department store Simpson’s. M. A.C was a hit, with its slick modern packaging and its hip and unique names. Once celebrities and fashion moguls started to use M. A. C its popularity exploded worldwide. M. A. C has become the leading brand of professional cosmetics. Majority interest acquired in 1994 by The Estee Lauder Companies Inc a $6. 3 billion dollar cosmetic tycoon. Sold in over 60 countries and territories M. A. C is a multimillion dollar bricks and clicks organization. M. A. C’s product categories include lip, eye, face, nail, skincare, brushes, tools/accessories, and fragrances. M.A. C products are used in films, television, theatre, music, fashion, special events and award shows. M. A. C’s philosophy is all races, all sexes, and all ages. M. A. C also has the website www. macpro. com designed only for cosmetic professional. They can learn new tips and get discounts on products. PRODUCT: M. A. C eyes product line consist of several different products from primer, shadow, mascara, liner, brow and lash. Its shadows play apart in all of M. A. C’s different collections and come in over 100 colors with creative names and different textures.Made in Canada by M. A. C chemist and manufactured by The Estee Lauder Companies Inc. Their shadows are highly pigmented applies evenly and blends well. Any product in the Viva Glam collection like the Warm Chill eye shadow, proceeds go directly to the M. A. C Aids foundation. Unlike other cosmetic companies M. A. C only hires skilled make-up artist to represent their products. M. A. C is one of the only companies that when you purchase their products a skilled make-up artist will show you exactly how to use the products by demonstration. M. A.C holds make-up seminars for their customers and conducts runway shows. Single powdered shadows are packaged in a round black container with a clear top in order to see the color and the bottom has the colors name. Combination shadow sets normally are in a rectangular shape. The majority of the time black, compact, and a sleek design are consistent with all M. A. C product packaging regardless of the product. Make-up Art Cosmetics trademark is M. A. C and is printed on all of their products and storefronts. To the left is an image of a wall in a Make-up Art Cosmetics store.PRICES: Compared to its popular competitors like Lancome $16. 50 US per shadow, Nars at $22. 00 US per shadow, Vincent Longo at $24. 00 US per single shadow, M. A. C’s eye shadows is only $14. 00 US below the market price for a single eye color shadow and even less expensive at $32. 50-$36. 00 US for color combination sets. M. A. C’s shadow prices don’t come with sticker shock and should attract any class of people. They don’t shout â€Å"I’m high end and only the rich can afford me†. The prices are affordable a nd they don’t fluctuate.The shadows are one fixed price and although they do not go on sale or clearance they are still a bargain for professional style products for consumers. PLACE: Before M. A. C consumers as I can get M. A. C product a channel of distribution must take place. M. A. C’s channel consists of a manufacturer The Estee Lauder Companies Inc – a billion dollar corporation, to several different wholesalers such as Florence’s Enterprises and Sage Within, masses of different retailers. Some retailers of M. A. C cosmetics are the M. A. C. Stores, Nordstrom’s, Bloomingdales, and Macys to name a few.M. A. C is sold in over 60 countries and territories to date. M. A. C can also be purchased on its website at www. maccosmetics. com. The consumer has the option to purchase M. A. C at their favorite department store or online within the comfort of their home. Marketing intermediaries are critical in this billion dollar industry of beauty and M. A. C cosmetics with its popular status is no different, M. A. C is too â€Å"big time† not to have marketing intermediaries in place. M. A. C cosmetics can be found in almost every US mall, whether it is in a popular department store or a M.A. C exclusive store providing place utility. PROMOTION: M. A. C stays innovative, very artsy, fashion forward and their advisements are always very colorful demanding attention when walking by a poster or flipping thru the pages of a fashion magazine. Their advertisements are never restrained always dramatic and in your face. M. A. C has a number of collections and one of them is their Viva Glam collection and celebrities are always used for this collections advising. Such celebrities as Pamela Anderson, Fergie, Eve, and Dita Von Tesse can be seen in Viva Glam advertisements.Expressing to consumers that if it’s good enough for this celebrity then it is good enough for you also creating brand association. All of the collections proc eeds go to the M. A. C Aids fund. M. A. C even collaborated with Disney in 2005 when M. A. C. Cosmetics introduced the Tint Toons collection based on classic Disney animals like Daisy Duck. (HOWARD, H 2010). As noted earlier M. A. C is a bricks and clicks organization. On their website www. maccosmetics. com standard shipping is free in the US with any $60 purchase and free standard shipping on and summer selects purchases until July 8th in the US only.M. A. C also mails brochures to existing customers advertising their newest collections. I just received a little pamphlet promoting their new Neo SCI-FI collection. Eye shadows remain the same price at $14. 00 US but come in a neon orange container versus the usual black. With spunky names like Time & Space, Magnetic Fields, and Expensive pink. You will not see M. A. C advertising in a commercial or infomercial but you will see global advertising as they are located all over the world. M. A. C does however partner with the department store Nordstrom’s and take part in their annual in house fashion shows.After the show guest can sign up with M. A. C to have a M. A. C artist do their make-up for free. During this time an artist will makeup your face encouraging you to purchase M. A. C products. I can contest it works every time! SRTATEGIC DECISION MAKING: M. A. C’s organization has utilizes the marketing mix in a victorious way creating a Multi million dollar organization that is well-known worldwide. Their shadows come in almost every color imaginable and some with names like Shadowy Lady, Nocturnelle and Poison Pen. M. A.C’s products are priced below market when compared to its competitors for professional style goods. Like most other big chain cosmetic companies M. A. C’s channel of distribution uses intermediaries and tons of retailers. M. A. C has some excellent promotional programs in place, bringing in empty containers in exchange for a free lipstick, free shipping on online pur chases, using very artistic style advertisements. Hiring only professional artist and having them sell the product is genius, who better to explain a product and show you how to use it then a professional instead of a regular employee off of the street.Donating proceeds to their AIDS fund and using trendy celebrities to promote collections. I wouldn’t change a thing, I think what M. A. C is doing works and I wouldn’t try to fix something that isn’t broken. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: M. A. C practices its social responsibility through the M. A. C Aids fund founded in 1994 by Toskan and the Back to M. A. C Program. M. A. C Aids fund supports men, women and children all over the world. The proceeds earned by M. A. C when it sells a Viva Glam lipstick are given to their AIDS fund, every cent. The company had many $128 million up to date for this AIDS find.The companies 11 board members are responsible for keeping what Toskan started in 1994 the success it is today. The Back to M. A. C Program is M. A. C’s way on helping the environment. For every seven empty M. A. C containers you return to a M. A. C store you will receive one free lipstick of your choice excluding the Viva Glam collection. ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN: Posted in all of Estee Lauder offices are the following principles: †¢Strive for excellence – deliver your best. †¢Put your customer first. Know your customers, understand their needs and surpass their expectations. Be passionate about what you do! Enthusiasm and energy are contagious. †¢Never stop caring. Show concern and respect for every individual, regardless of position or title. †¢Understand your role in the big picture. We’re all part of a larger whole. †¢Look for new and better ways to do things to continually raise our standards. †¢Communicate! Voice your ideas, share your concerns, pass on what you know and be honest. †¢Be a team player. We’re stronger when we work t ogether. †¢Listen when others speak. Good ideas can come from anywhere. †¢Be flexible.Success depends upon willingness to adapt when situations change. †¢Pay attention to details – little things do make a difference. †¢Solve the real problem, don’t treat the symptom. †¢Spread the good news. Let others know when they’ve done a good job. †¢Smile†¦. and have fun! (elcompanies,2010) These are characteristics of a learning organization. Creating a sense of community in their organizational culture, caring and strong mutual relationships. Utilizing teams and empowerment in their organizational design. Promoting information sharing and leadership. Robbins & Decenzo, 2008). CEO: As of July 2006 Mr. John Demsey oversees Estee Lauder, M†¢A†¢C, Tom Ford Beauty and Prescriptives brands as well the company’s Specialty Group of brands, Bobbi Brown, Jo Malone and La Mer, which were added to his portfolio in July 2009. (elcomp anies, 2010). But from 1998-2005 when Demsey was M. A. C’s president he expanded the company from 19 global markets to over 65 and is credited for making M. A. C into the billion dollar powerhouse it is today. Demsey has held several positions with the Estee Lauder corporation working his way up the ranks.In a nutshell, I wonder in founders Frank Toskan and Frank Angelo could have ever imagined that M. A. C would turn out to be such a huge empire. M. A. C has come a long way from selling in a departments store basement to selling all over the world in the companies own brand stores and in a multitude of popular retailers. M. A. C stays innovative, creative and all the rage. Their eye shadows are far form boring with a broad range of colors with great pigment and longevity in sleek round compact design packaging. M. A. C is reasonably priced for the average fashionista to afford.

Malaysian Culture Essay

Malaysia has a multi-ethnic, multicultural, and multilingual society. The original culture of the area stemmed from indigenous tribes that inhabited it, along with the Malays who later moved there. Substantial influence exists from Chinese and Indian culture, dating back to when foreign trade began. Other cultural influences include the Persian, Arabic, and British cultures. Due to the structure of the government, coupled with the social contract theory, there has been minimal cultural assimilation of ethnic minorities. Traditional Malaysian art was mainly centred around the areas of carving, weaving, and silversmithing.[181] Traditional art ranges from hand-woven baskets from rural areas to the silverwork of the Malay courts. Common artworks included ornamental kris, beetle nut sets, and woven batik and songket fabrics. Indigenous East Malaysians are known for their wooden masks.[94] Each ethnic group have distinct performing arts, with little overlap between them. However, Malay art does show some North Indian influence due to the historical influence of India. Traditional Malay music and performing arts appear to have originated in the Kelantan-Pattani region with influences from India, China, Thailand and Indonesia. The music is based around percussion instruments, the most important of which is the gendang (drum). There are at least 14 types of traditional drums. Drums and other traditional percussion instruments and are often made from natural materials. Music is traditionally used for storytelling, celebrating life-cycle events, and occasions such as a harvest. It was once used as a form of long-distance communication.[183] In East Malaysia, gong-based musical ensembles such as agung and kulintang are commonly used in ceremonies such as funerals and weddings. These ensembles are also common in neighbouring regions such as in the southern Philippines, Kalimantan in Indonesia, and Brunei. Malaysia’s cuisine reflects the multi-ethnic makeup of its population.[186] Many cultures from within the country and from surrounding regions have greatly influenced the cuisine. Much of the influence comes from the Malay, Chinese, Indian, Thai, Javanese, and Sumatran cultures,[94] largely due to the country being part of the ancient spice route.[187] The cuisine is very similar to that of Singapore and Brunei,[107] and also bears resemblance to Filipino cuisine.[94] The different states have varied dishes,[107] and often the food in Malaysia is different from the original dishes.[142]

Develop a solid career in customer service

Develop a solid career in customer service So you’ve decided customer service is the career for you! That’s great news, particularly if you’re a people person with a talent for handling different personality types. But be careful: the nature of your day-to-day work can often make it feel as though your career isn’t progressing forward. You’re so busy hopping from customer interaction to interaction, putting out fire after fire, that at the end of the day it seems like you’ve hardly made it closer to the goalposts. They seem to reset in the same place every day. If you’re along for the ride on this rapid-fire, non-stop, go-go-go ride, it can be really easy to get too burned out to try and plan your future career growth. Here are a few things you can do to make sure you’re moving forward, and not just treading water.First, decide where you ideally want to land.The field of â€Å"customer service† is actually relatively new, and is evolving at a rapid rate. There are tons of options available for you. Schedule yourself time on a recurring, frequent basis, to ask yourself what you actually want to end up doing in the longer term. Do you have a particular position or company you’d like to pursue? Then talk to your boss (or a trusted mentor) about how you can work toward your bigger goals. Don’t waste your time- if you don’t know what you want, it’s impossible to start planning how to achieve it. The sooner you figure it out, the sooner you can begin working towards more specific goals.Then, devise a specific plan.Whichever direction you choose, start strategizing and networking until you figure out a rough game plan of how to move that way. If you’re interested in management, for example, you can talk to people who’ve started where you are on the front lines and made it up to leadership roles. Ask to hear their stories. And if managing people doesn’t interest you, that’s fine! Start honing y our skills in your area of speciality, building your resume (and pursuing opportunities that will help you do just that), and building your brand. Become the go-to person in the industry that interests you the most.Finally, make the most of your time- wherever you are.Just because you’re in support now and don’t want to stay there indefinitely doesn’t mean it isn’t an important stepping stone to further opportunities. Starting out at entry-level is actually an asset. Having a support job on your resume shows that you’ve been in the trenches and know what it’s like to interface with clients day in and day out. Plus, in interviews you can talk about how you’ve honed the most important soft skills and tricks of the trade- empathy and patience.And just remember: even if you end up making a career just where you are- in support and interfacing with the customer- you can still work toward finding the most ideal position within that domain. If this is where you end up, you won’t necessarily have stagnated- you’ll have grown.

How to pronounce Li Keqiang, Chinas premier

How to pronounce Li Keqiang, Chinas premier In this article, we will look at how to pronounce Li Keqiang (æ Å½Ã¥â€¦â€¹Ã¥ ¼ º), the   Premier of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China. First, I will give you a quick and dirty way if you just want to have a rough idea how to pronounce the name. Then I’ll go through a more detailed description, including analysis of common learner errors. Pronouncing names in Chinese Pronouncing names in Chinese can be very hard if you havent studied the language; sometimes its hard even if you have. Many letters used to write the sounds in Mandarin (called Hanyu Pinyin) dont match the sounds they describe in English, so simply trying to read a Chinese name and guess the pronunciation will lead to many mistakes. Ignoring or mispronouncing tones will just add to the confusion. These mistakes add up and often become so serious that a native speaker would fail to understand. Read more about how to pronounce Chinese names. The quick and dirty way of pronouncing Li Keqiang Chinese names usually consist of three syllables, with the first being the family name and the last two the personal name. There are exceptions to this rule, but it holds true in a vast majority of cases. Thus, there are three syllables we need to deal with. Listen to the pronunciation here while reading the explanation. Repeat yourself! Li - Pronounce as lee.Ke - Pronounce as cu- in curve.Qiang - Pronounce as chi- in chin plus ang- in angry. If you want want to have a go at the tones, they are low, falling and rising respectively. Note: This pronunciation is not correct pronunciation in Mandarin. It represents my best effort to write the pronunciation using English words. To really get it right, you need to learn some new sounds (see below). How to actually pronounce Li Keqiang If you study Mandarin, you should never ever rely on English approximations like those above. Those are meant for people who dont intend to learn the language! You have to understand the orthography, i.e. how the letters relate to the sounds. There are many traps and pitfalls in Pinyin you have to be familiar with. Now, lets look at the three syllables in more detail, including common learner errors: LÇ  (third tone) - The l is a normal l as in English. Note that English has two variants of this sound, one light and one dark. Compare the l in light and full. The latter has a darker character and is pronounced farther back (its velarised). You want the light version here. The i in Mandarin is further forward and upward compared to i in English. Your tongue tip should be as far up and forward as possible while still pronouncing a vowel! Ke (fourth tone) - The second syllable is not that hard to pronounced okay, but is hard to get completely right. The k should be aspirated. The e is similar to the e in the English word the, but farther back. To get it completely right, you should have about the same position as when you say the [o] in Pinyin po, but your lips shouldnt be rounded. However, it will still be perfectly understandable if you dont go that far. Qiang (second tone) - The initial here is the only tricky part. q is an aspirated affricate, which means that it is the same a s Pinyin x, but with a short stop t in front and with aspiration. The tongue tip should be down, lightly touching the teeth ridge behind the lower teeth. The are some variations for these sounds, but Li Keqiang (æ Å½Ã¥â€¦â€¹Ã¥ ¼ º) can be written like this in IPA: [liÌ€ kÊ °Ã‰ ¤ tÉ•Ê °jaÅ‹] Conclusion Now you know how to pronounce Li Keqiang (æ Å½Ã¥â€¦â€¹Ã¥ ¼ º). Did you find it hard? If you’re learning Mandarin, dont worry; there arent that many sounds. Once you’ve learnt the most common ones, learning to pronounce words (and names) will become much easier!

Research Paper Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Research Paper Proposal - Essay Example If we believe that racism is dead and quit looking for it, we are being set up for a repeat of our past. When we no longer openly discuss racism, we allow it to slowly fester beneath the surface of our society. We are ignoring the elephant in the room while it is slowly growing larger and larger. I hope to prove that racism is still alive. I hope to find evidence that society destroyed the old Jim Crow laws and other forms of open racism only to replace them with hidden racism. I want to discover how racism, now that it is no longer openly tolerated in society, has gone underground. I want to discover how, when we no longer discuss racism, it grows outside of our consciousness. I care about the topic of racism because it is a part of our society that I believe will never fully disappear. Humans always make snap judgments based on appearances. This reflex is what allows us to avoid poisonous snakes based on the shape of their heads or the patterns on their backs. But, this same reflex causes us to make snap decisions about people that grow and become racism. These decisions then become a part of our society and become tolerated. Regardless of your race, racism affects every member of our society. Racism keeps our society from making progress by insuring that certain members of our society do not make social progress. If we subjugate members of our population, our society is unable to fully realize its potential. Discoveries that these members may make are nullified by the fact that we tolerate discrimination and racism. Currently, most of our society wants to believe that racism is dead. However, just one example that it is not is the current social status of black members of American society. Historically, the black population has been less wealthy than other members of society. This disparity is a result of slavery and institutional racism. If we are to believe current commentators, education is the path to wealth and